Keke L Schuler1, Camilo J Ruggero2, Brandon L Goldstein3, Greg Perlman4, Daniel N Klein3, Roman Kotov4. 1. Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. Electronic address: KekeLiu@my.unt.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. 3. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of present study was to test the diathesis-stress model of depression using baseline cortisol, prospective assessment of depression symptoms, and stressful life events. METHODS: The sample consisted of 527 adolescent girls aged 13.5-15.5 years without major depressive disorder. At baseline, saliva samples were collected at waking, 30 minutes after waking, and 8 p.m. on 3 consecutive days. Diurnal cortisol was indexed by cortisol awakening response (CAR) and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Stressful events during the preceding interval and current depressive symptoms were assessed 18 months following baseline. RESULTS: Stressful events and the interaction of CAR or AUCg with stressful events predicted depressive symptoms at 18 months, even after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Specifically, in the face of high levels of stress, baseline blunted CAR or smaller AUCg were associated with future depressive symptoms. This was more apparent for CAR than AUCg. The effect was reversed at low levels of stress, with heightened CAR associated with more severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Blunted CAR and less daily cortisol output at baseline appear to accentuate the depressogenic effects of stressful events after 18 months, consistent with the diathesis-stress model of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depression.
PURPOSE: The aim of present study was to test the diathesis-stress model of depression using baseline cortisol, prospective assessment of depression symptoms, and stressful life events. METHODS: The sample consisted of 527 adolescent girls aged 13.5-15.5 years without major depressive disorder. At baseline, saliva samples were collected at waking, 30 minutes after waking, and 8 p.m. on 3 consecutive days. Diurnal cortisol was indexed by cortisol awakening response (CAR) and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Stressful events during the preceding interval and current depressive symptoms were assessed 18 months following baseline. RESULTS: Stressful events and the interaction of CAR or AUCg with stressful events predicted depressive symptoms at 18 months, even after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Specifically, in the face of high levels of stress, baseline blunted CAR or smaller AUCg were associated with future depressive symptoms. This was more apparent for CAR than AUCg. The effect was reversed at low levels of stress, with heightened CAR associated with more severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Blunted CAR and less daily cortisol output at baseline appear to accentuate the depressogenic effects of stressful events after 18 months, consistent with the diathesis-stress model of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depression.
Authors: J C Pruessner; O T Wolf; D H Hellhammer; A Buske-Kirschbaum; K von Auer; S Jobst; F Kaspers; C Kirschbaum Journal: Life Sci Date: 1997 Impact factor: 5.037
Authors: Leah D Doane; Frances R Chen; Michael R Sladek; Scott A Van Lenten; Douglas A Granger Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2015-02-09 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Matthew Owens; Joe Herbert; Peter B Jones; Barbara J Sahakian; Paul O Wilkinson; Valerie J Dunn; Timothy J Croudace; Ian M Goodyer Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2014-02-18 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn; Catherine B Stroud; Leah D Doane; Susan Mineka; Richard E Zinbarg; Eva E Redei; Michelle G Craske; Emma K Adam Journal: Depress Anxiety Date: 2019-04-24 Impact factor: 6.505
Authors: Leah D Doane; Michael R Sladek; Reagan S Breitenstein; Hyejung Park; Saul A Castro; Jennifer L Kennedy Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2018-09-27
Authors: Kate Ryan Kuhlman; Jessica J Chiang; Julienne E Bower; Michael R Irwin; Teresa E Seeman; Heather E McCreath; David M Almeida; Ronald E Dahl; Andrew J Fuligni Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2020-08
Authors: Sarah A Owens; Sarah W Helms; Karen D Rudolph; Paul D Hastings; Matthew K Nock; Mitchell J Prinstein Journal: J Abnorm Child Psychol Date: 2019-05
Authors: Alexander Dueck; Olaf Reis; Manuela Bastian; Lucas van Treeck; Steffen Weirich; Frank Haessler; Andreas Fiedler; Michael Koelch; Christoph Berger Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-05-14 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Shishir Baliyan; José Manuel Cimadevilla; Silvia de Vidania; Matías M Pulopulos; Carmen Sandi; César Venero Journal: Brain Sci Date: 2021-03-09