Frane Banovic1,2, Thierry Olivry2, Wolfgang Bäumer3, Judy Paps2, Jessica Stahl4, Ana Rogers5, Megan Jacob5. 1. Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. 2. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. 3. Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. 4. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559, Hannover, Germany. 5. Department of Population Health and Pathology, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diluted sodium hypochlorite represents an inexpensive and widely available topical antiseptic, but there are no tolerability and efficacy data in veterinary dermatology. OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vivo antibacterial effect and tolerability of topical diluted bleach application and to assess its in vitro effect on skin barrier lipids and anti-inflammatory properties on keratinocytes. METHODS: Topical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were applied to both sides of the thorax of four healthy dogs. The anti-inflammatory effect on canine keratinocytes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction; skin barrier integrity was assessed by evaluating stratum corneum lipid changes in canine stratified epidermal constructs. RESULTS: The cell viability of primary keratinocytes treated with water and diluted hypochlorite at 0.005 and 0.01%, reduced the percentage of viable cells by 10%. The exposure of primary keratinocytes to 0.005% diluted hypochlorite significantly reduced the induction of inflammatory genes chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2; P = 0.015) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17, P = 0.032). There were no changes in skin lipid ceramide and nonceramide fractions in stratified epidermal constructs cultured for 17 days with 0.05% hypochlorite. Topical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were well-tolerated without signs of skin irritation. Although a marked reduction in bacterial counts was seen within 20 min of diluted bleach application compared to the tap water control, this was only marginally significant (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results indicate that a topical diluted bleach solution, at either 0.05 or 0.005% hypochlorite concentrations, is a well-tolerated antiseptic that also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
BACKGROUND: Diluted sodium hypochlorite represents an inexpensive and widely available topical antiseptic, but there are no tolerability and efficacy data in veterinary dermatology. OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vivo antibacterial effect and tolerability of topical diluted bleach application and to assess its in vitro effect on skin barrier lipids and anti-inflammatory properties on keratinocytes. METHODS: Topical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were applied to both sides of the thorax of four healthy dogs. The anti-inflammatory effect on canine keratinocytes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction; skin barrier integrity was assessed by evaluating stratum corneum lipid changes in canine stratified epidermal constructs. RESULTS: The cell viability of primary keratinocytes treated with water and diluted hypochlorite at 0.005 and 0.01%, reduced the percentage of viable cells by 10%. The exposure of primary keratinocytes to 0.005% diluted hypochlorite significantly reduced the induction of inflammatory genes chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2; P = 0.015) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17, P = 0.032). There were no changes in skin lipidceramide and nonceramide fractions in stratified epidermal constructs cultured for 17 days with 0.05% hypochlorite. Topical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were well-tolerated without signs of skin irritation. Although a marked reduction in bacterial counts was seen within 20 min of diluted bleach application compared to the tap water control, this was only marginally significant (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results indicate that a topical diluted bleach solution, at either 0.05 or 0.005% hypochlorite concentrations, is a well-tolerated antiseptic that also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
Authors: Seneca L Bessling; Sarah L Grady; Elizabeth C Corson; Veronica A Schilling; Natalie M Sebeck; Jennifer H Therkorn; Bryan R Brensinger; Karen L Meidenbauer Journal: Health Secur Date: 2021-11-09
Authors: Alan M O'Neill; Kate A Worthing; Nikhil Kulkarni; Fengwu Li; Teruaki Nakatsuji; Dominic McGrosso; Robert H Mills; Gayathri Kalla; Joyce Y Cheng; Jacqueline M Norris; Kit Pogliano; Joe Pogliano; David J Gonzalez; Richard L Gallo Journal: Elife Date: 2021-10-19 Impact factor: 8.140