Literature DB >> 28905846

Comment: Allergen-specific exposure associated with high immunoglobulin E and eye rubbing predisposes to progression of keratoconus.

Yogita Gupta1.   

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Year:  2017        PMID: 28905846      PMCID: PMC5621285          DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_517_17

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Indian J Ophthalmol        ISSN: 0301-4738            Impact factor:   1.848


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I read with great interest the article, “Allergen-specific exposure associated with high immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eye rubbing predisposes to progression of keratoconus” by Shetty et al.[1] The authors have commendably investigated the role of ocular allergy in causing keratectasia progression. This contributes well to the present literature on the association of ocular allergy and keratoconus. However, I wish to draw the attention of readers and authors to a few points. Atopic ocular diseases (AODs) form a spectrum of immune-inflammatory responses[2] characterized by persistent mast cell, eosinophil, and lymphocyte activation that result in pathologic changes, and include seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).[3] Other causes of clinical improvement and cessation of rubbing in the discussed cases such as patient's conscious avoidance of eye rubbing after clinician's advice and frequent visits to clinic (modified health behavior), temporal association of seasonal improvement (well known in VKC) with avoidance of allergens exposure and response to short course of antihistaminic drugs per se should be borne in mind. VKC remains an important differential diagnosis and cases could have been alternatively managed as refractory VKC with systemic immunomodulators.[4] A clinical diagnosis could obviate the need for IgE testing, cost limitation of which has been agreed upon by the authors. In addition, skin patch test has been reported to have only low to moderate predictive value[5] in cases of atopy, with not much described on its diagnostic role in AOD. Furthermore, if AKC is strongly suspected, prompt immunology referral, more complete family history, and further investigations for systemic evidence of atopy (e.g., respiratory allergies, atopic dermatitis) would be helpful since gastrointestinal symptoms (in case 1 having sunflower oil allergy) and dermatological symptoms (in case 2 having allergy to woolen clothes) are well expected due to heightened immunological response (raised serum IgE). Their absence may lead us to exclude AKC. In fact, an IgE level test could have been repeated to document atopy to the allergens, as advice on changing patient's lifestyle to avoid certain exposures should be given by the clinician only after obtaining a convincing body of evidence.

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  5 in total

1.  Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of patch testing: the more you test, the more you get? ESCD Working Party on Epidemiology.

Authors:  T L Diepgen; P J Coenraads
Journal:  Contact Dermatitis       Date:  2000-06       Impact factor: 6.600

Review 2.  Allergy and the eye.

Authors:  A Leonardi; L Motterle; M Bortolotti
Journal:  Clin Exp Immunol       Date:  2008-09       Impact factor: 4.330

Review 3.  Atopic ocular disease.

Authors:  Erich C Strauss; C Stephen Foster
Journal:  Ophthalmol Clin North Am       Date:  2002-03

Review 4.  Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Authors:  Mario La Rosa; Elena Lionetti; Michele Reibaldi; Andrea Russo; Antonio Longo; Salvatore Leonardi; Stefania Tomarchio; Teresio Avitabile; Alfredo Reibaldi
Journal:  Ital J Pediatr       Date:  2013-03-14       Impact factor: 2.638

5.  Allergen-specific exposure associated with high immunoglobulin E and eye rubbing predisposes to progression of keratoconus.

Authors:  Rohit Shetty; Shraddha Sureka; Pallak Kusumgar; Swaminathan Sethu; Kanchan Sainani
Journal:  Indian J Ophthalmol       Date:  2017-05       Impact factor: 1.848

  5 in total
  1 in total

1.  Reply: Allergen-specific exposure associated with high immunoglobulin E and eye rubbing predisposes to progression of keratoconus.

Authors:  Rohit Shetty; Shraddha Sureka; Pallak Kusumgar; Swaminathan Sethu; Kanchan Sainani
Journal:  Indian J Ophthalmol       Date:  2017-09       Impact factor: 1.848

  1 in total

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