Jitendra Kumar Singh1, Sara Evans-Lacko2, Dilaram Acharya3, Rajendra Kadel4, Salila Gautam5. 1. Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India; Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Janakpur, Nepal. Electronic address: jsingdj@gmail.com. 2. Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, UK. Electronic address: S.Evans-Lacko@lse.ac.uk. 3. Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Devdaha-10, Bhaluhi, Rupandehi, Nepal; Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal. Electronic address: dilaramacharya123@gmail.com. 4. Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Electronic address: r.kadel@lse.ac.uk. 5. Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal. Electronic address: salu_but@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Underutilisation of antenatal care services due to intimate partner violence during pregnancy has been well documented elsewhere, but it is understudied in Nepal. Our study aimed at exploring the impact of intimate partner violence on antenatal care service utilisation in southern Terai of Nepal. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed in 6 village development committees in Dhanusha district, Nepal. A total of 426 pregnant women in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the association between exposure to intimate partner violence and selected antenatal care services, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Among 426 pregnant women, almost three out of ten women (28.9%) were exposed to intimate partner violence at some point during their pregnancy. Pregnant women who were exposed to intimate partner violence were less likely to: register for antenatal care (OR 0.31; 95% CI (0.08-0.50)), take iron and folic acid (OR 0.55; 95% CI (0.12-0.90)), report dietary diversity (middle vs low: OR 0.34; 95% CI (0.11-0.58) and high vs low: OR 0.18; 95% CI (0.08-0.37)), have rest and sleep during day time (OR 0.47; 95% CI (0.61-0.58)), and attend mother's group meetings (OR 0.29; 95% CI (0.10-0.83)). CONCLUSIONS: Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is associated with low utilisation of antenatal care services. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent or reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy is needed, which may lead to improved antenatal care service utilization in Nepal with healthier mothers and children's outcome.
BACKGROUND: Underutilisation of antenatal care services due to intimate partner violence during pregnancy has been well documented elsewhere, but it is understudied in Nepal. Our study aimed at exploring the impact of intimate partner violence on antenatal care service utilisation in southern Terai of Nepal. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed in 6 village development committees in Dhanusha district, Nepal. A total of 426 pregnant women in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the association between exposure to intimate partner violence and selected antenatal care services, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Among 426 pregnant women, almost three out of ten women (28.9%) were exposed to intimate partner violence at some point during their pregnancy. Pregnant women who were exposed to intimate partner violence were less likely to: register for antenatal care (OR 0.31; 95% CI (0.08-0.50)), take iron and folic acid (OR 0.55; 95% CI (0.12-0.90)), report dietary diversity (middle vs low: OR 0.34; 95% CI (0.11-0.58) and high vs low: OR 0.18; 95% CI (0.08-0.37)), have rest and sleep during day time (OR 0.47; 95% CI (0.61-0.58)), and attend mother's group meetings (OR 0.29; 95% CI (0.10-0.83)). CONCLUSIONS: Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is associated with low utilisation of antenatal care services. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent or reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy is needed, which may lead to improved antenatal care service utilization in Nepal with healthier mothers and children's outcome.
Authors: Maria Barreix; Kelli Barbour; Affette McCaw-Binns; Doris Chou; Max Petzold; Gathari N Gichuhi; Luis Gadama; Frank Taulo; Özge Tunçalp; Lale Say Journal: Int J Gynaecol Obstet Date: 2018-05 Impact factor: 3.561