James A Taylor1, James W Stout2, Lilian de Greef2, Mayank Goel2,3, Shwetak Patel2, Esther K Chung4,5, Aruna Koduri6, Shawn McMahon7, Jane Dickerson8, Elizabeth A Simpson9, Eric C Larson10. 1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; uncjat@uw.edu. 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 5. Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware. 6. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Leandro, California. 7. Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona. 8. Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington. 9. Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; and. 10. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The assessment of jaundice in outpatient neonates is problematic. Visual assessment is inaccurate, and more exact methodologies are cumbersome and/or expensive. Our goal in this study was to assess the accuracy of a technology based on the analysis of digital images of newborns obtained using a smartphone application called BiliCam. METHODS: Paired BiliCam images and total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were obtained in a diverse sample of newborns (<7 days old) at 7 sites across the United States. By using specialized software, data on color values in the images ("features") were extracted. Machine learning and regression analysis techniques were used to identify features for inclusion in models to predict an estimated bilirubin level for each newborn. The correlation between estimated bilirubin levels and TSB levels was calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the estimated bilirubin levels in identifying newborns with high TSB levels were calculated by using 2 recommended decision rules for jaundice screening. RESULTS: Estimated bilirubin levels were calculated and compared with TSB levels in a diverse sample of 530 newborns (20.8% African American, 26.3% Hispanic, and 21.2% Asian American). The overall correlation was 0.91, and correlations among white, African American, Hispanic, and Asian American newborns were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, and 0.88, respectively. The sensitivities of BiliCam in identifying newborns with high TSB levels were 84.6% and 100%, respectively, by using 2 decision rules; specificities were 75.1% and 76.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BiliCam provided accurate estimates of TSB values, demonstrating that an inexpensive technology that uses commodity smartphones could be used to effectively screen newborns for jaundice.
BACKGROUND: The assessment of jaundice in outpatient neonates is problematic. Visual assessment is inaccurate, and more exact methodologies are cumbersome and/or expensive. Our goal in this study was to assess the accuracy of a technology based on the analysis of digital images of newborns obtained using a smartphone application called BiliCam. METHODS: Paired BiliCam images and total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were obtained in a diverse sample of newborns (<7 days old) at 7 sites across the United States. By using specialized software, data on color values in the images ("features") were extracted. Machine learning and regression analysis techniques were used to identify features for inclusion in models to predict an estimated bilirubin level for each newborn. The correlation between estimated bilirubin levels and TSB levels was calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the estimated bilirubin levels in identifying newborns with high TSB levels were calculated by using 2 recommended decision rules for jaundice screening. RESULTS: Estimated bilirubin levels were calculated and compared with TSB levels in a diverse sample of 530 newborns (20.8% African American, 26.3% Hispanic, and 21.2% Asian American). The overall correlation was 0.91, and correlations among white, African American, Hispanic, and Asian American newborns were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, and 0.88, respectively. The sensitivities of BiliCam in identifying newborns with high TSB levels were 84.6% and 100%, respectively, by using 2 decision rules; specificities were 75.1% and 76.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BiliCam provided accurate estimates of TSB values, demonstrating that an inexpensive technology that uses commodity smartphones could be used to effectively screen newborns for jaundice.
Authors: Vinod K Bhutani; Ann R Stark; Laura C Lazzeroni; Ronald Poland; Glenn R Gourley; Steve Kazmierczak; Linda Meloy; Anthony E Burgos; Judith Y Hall; David K Stevenson Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2012-10-05 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: William D Engle; Gregory L Jackson; Dorothy Sendelbach; Denise Manning; William H Frawley Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2002-07 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Christian V Hulzebos; Libor Vitek; Carlos D Coda Zabetta; Aleš Dvořák; Paul Schenk; Eline A E van der Hagen; Christa Cobbaert; Claudio Tiribelli Journal: Pediatr Res Date: 2021-05-03 Impact factor: 3.756