Duarte Freitas1,2, José Maia3, Mikis Stasinopoulos4, Élvio Rúbio Gouveia1, António M Antunes1, Martine Thomis5, Johan Lefevre5, Albrecht Claessens5, Donald Hedeker6, Robert M Malina7. 1. a Department of Physical Education and Sport , University of Madeira , Funchal , Portugal. 2. b Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of Essex , Colchester , UK. 3. c CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal. 4. d TORM, FLSC , London Metropolitan University , London , UK. 5. e Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium. 6. f Department of Public Health Sciences and Department of Medicine , University of Chicago Biological Sciences , Chicago , IL , USA. 7. g Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , University of Texas , Austin , TX , USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The 12-minute run is a commonly used indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. Variation in growth and maturity status as potential correlates of test performance has not been systematically addressed. AIM: To evaluate biological and environmental determinants of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth aged 7-17 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mixed-longitudinal samples of 187 boys and 142 girls were surveyed in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The 12-minute run was the indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Height, body mass and five skinfolds were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed. Physical activity, socioeconomic status and area of residence were obtained with a questionnaire. Multi-level modelling was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Chronological age and sum of five skinfolds were significant predictors of 12-minute run performance. Older boys and girls ran longer distances than younger peers, while high levels of subcutaneous fat were associated with shorter running distances. Rural boys were more proficient in the 12-minute run than urban peers. Skeletal maturity, height, body mass index, physical activity and socioeconomic status were not significant predictors of 12-minute run performances. CONCLUSIONS: Age and sum of skinfolds in both sexes and rural residence in boys are significant predictors of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth.
BACKGROUND: The 12-minute run is a commonly used indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. Variation in growth and maturity status as potential correlates of test performance has not been systematically addressed. AIM: To evaluate biological and environmental determinants of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth aged 7-17 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mixed-longitudinal samples of 187 boys and 142 girls were surveyed in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The 12-minute run was the indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Height, body mass and five skinfolds were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed. Physical activity, socioeconomic status and area of residence were obtained with a questionnaire. Multi-level modelling was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Chronological age and sum of five skinfolds were significant predictors of 12-minute run performance. Older boys and girlsran longer distances than younger peers, while high levels of subcutaneous fat were associated with shorter running distances. Rural boys were more proficient in the 12-minute run than urban peers. Skeletal maturity, height, body mass index, physical activity and socioeconomic status were not significant predictors of 12-minute run performances. CONCLUSIONS: Age and sum of skinfolds in both sexes and rural residence in boys are significant predictors of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cardiorespiratory fitness; fatness; physical activity; skeletal maturity; socioeconomic status