Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) caused by phenytoin.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Diagnosis is challenging due to variable clinical presentation and a protracted latency period following initiation of the offending drug. DRESS is a complex interplay that starts by introduction of the offending drug, reactivation of viruses and activation of the immune system. Herpes virus reactivation is considered a diagnostic marker and indicator of illness severity. Prompt recognition and the removal of offending agent remain the key to successful treatment. In cases of severe organ involvement, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, antiviral and specialist consultation may be helpful. Here we present a case of a 36-year-old African-American male who presented with symptoms mimicking sepsis with an associated skin eruption that was diagnosed as DRESS. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.