Kenneth A Oye1, Maureen O'Leary2, Margaret F Riley3. 1. Kenneth A. Oye is a professor of Political Science and of Data Systems and Society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 2. Maureen O'Leary is president of the American Biological Safety Association International and director of Environmental and Health Safety at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. 3. Margaret F. Riley is a professor of Law and of Public Health Sciences at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.