Evidence for a receptor mediated action of norepinephrine distinct from alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors.

The mode of action of (-) norepinephrine (NE) and UK-14,304-18 has been investigated using the cholinergically-evoked 'twitch' response of the electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum. St 587 and benextramine were employed as antagonists. St 587 acted as a competitive antagonist toward UK-14,304-18, yielding an apparent pA2 value of 7.3. In contrast, St 587 failed to act competitively toward NE. Similarly, benextramine (1 X 10(-5) mol/l) blocked the inhibitory responses to UK-14,304-18 but was considerably less active toward NE. Remaining responses to NE after benextramine were not antagonized by St 587, even at a concentration of 3 X 10(-5) mol/l. It is postulated that NE acts to inhibit the 'twitch' response be evoking two different receptor-mediated events: 1. agonism at the alpha 2-adrenoceptor and 2. agonism at a site which is distinct from the alpha- and beta-subtypes. In the concentrations studied, UK-14,304-18, St 587 and benextramine are postulated to lack affinity for the proposed site. The effect of NE and UK-14,304-18 was also investigated on the contractile responses to exogenously applied histamine. These experiments were done in the presence of muscarinic cholinergic and adrenoceptor blockade. NE inhibited responses to histamine but UK-14,304-18 was inactive. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of NE was stereoselective with the (-) form being 25 times more potent than the (+) enantiomer. These findings suggest the presence of a receptor site for NE which is distinct from cholinergic mechanisms and established alpha and beta-adrenoceptors.