Individualized measurement of quality of life in older adults: development and pilot testing of a new tool.

We describe theoretical background, development, and piloting of a measure for quality of life in older adults that specifically takes into account the subjective perspective. Although quality of life is usually subjectively assessed, normative thresholds for "the good life" are most often set by a third party. The new tool FLQM asks for respondents to name, rate, and weight those domains in life that are most important for their life-satisfaction solely from their own point of view. Construct validity was pilot-tested in two samples of elders (N1 = 44; N2 = 90). Correlations were in the medium range in both studies and support the questionnaire's validity. There were no age or gender differences on total score. However, in Study 1 as well as in Study 2 older subjects named significantly fewer domains than did younger participants. Further, in Study 1 the overall number of distinct domains generated by the participants diminished with age-the "interindividual pool of domains" shrank. Implications of this age-associated narrowing of domainscope are discussed on a background of adaptation theories. Concluding, the new questionnaire seems apt to assess older peoples' quality of life even in a physically very ill population, but needs further testing, especially regarding its reliability. This is currently being undertaken in a larger longitudinal sample to assure psychometric properties.