J Heisler1, P Glibert2, J Burkholder3, D Anderson4, W Cochlan5, W Dennison2, C Gobler6, Q Dortch7, C Heil8, E Humphries9, A Lewitus10, R Magnien11, H Marshall12, K Sellner13, D Stockwell14, D Stoecker2, M Suddleson7. 1. U.S. EPA, Oceans and Coastal Protection Division, Marine Pollution Control Branch, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20460. 2. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge MD 21613. 3. Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. 4. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543. 5. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920. 6. Department of Biology, Southampton College - Long Island University, Southampton, NY 11968. 7. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. 8. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. 9. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control - Division of Water Resources, Dover, DE 19901. 10. Belle W. Baruch Institute of Marine Science and Coastal Research, and University of South Carolina, Baruch Marine Laboratory, Georgetown, SC 29442, and Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412. 11. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401. 12. Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529. 13. Chesapeake Research Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037. 14. Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775.
Abstract
In January 2003, the US Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a "roundtable discussion" to develop a consensus on the relationship between eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting those relationships for which management actions may be appropriate. Academic, federal, and state agency representatives were in attendance. The following seven statements were unanimously adopted by attendees based on review and analysis of current as well as pertinent previous data: 1) Degraded water quality from increased nutrient pollution promotes the development and persistence of many HABs and is one of the reasons for their expansion in the U.S. and the world; 2) The composition - not just the total quantity - of the nutrient pool impacts HABs; 3) High biomass blooms must have exogenous nutrients to be sustained; 4) Both chronic and episodic nutrient delivery promote HAB development; 5) Recently developed tools and techniques are already improving the detection of some HABs, and emerging technologies are rapidly advancing toward operational status for the prediction of HABs and their toxins; 6) Experimental studies are critical to further the understanding of the role of nutrients in HAB expression, and will strengthen prediction and mitigation of HABs; and 7) Management of nutrient inputs to the watershed can lead to significant reduction in HABs. Supporting evidence and pertinent examples for each consensus statement is provided herein.
In Japan class="Chemical">nuary 2003, the US Environmental Protectionpan> Agenclass="Chemical">pan>cy sponsored a "roundtable discussion" to develop a consensus on the relationship between eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting those relationships for which management actions may be appropriate. Academic, federal, and state agency representatives were in attendance. The following seven statements were unanimously adopted by attendees based on review and analyn class="Chemical">sis of current as well as pertinent previous data: 1) Degraded water quality from increased nutrient pollution promotes the development and persistence of many HABs and is one of the reasons for their expansion in the U.S. and the world; 2) The composition - not just the total quantity - of the nutrient pool impacts HABs; 3) High biomass blooms must have exogenous nutrients to be sustained; 4) Both chronic and episodic nutrient delivery promote HAB development; 5) Recently developed tools and techniques are already improving the detection of some HABs, and emerging technologies are rapidly advancing toward operational status for the prediction of HABs and their toxins; 6) Experimental studies are critical to further the understanding of the role of nutrients in HAB expression, and will strengthen prediction and mitigation of HABs; and 7) Management of nutrient inputs to the watershed can lead to significant reduction in HABs. Supporting evidence and pertinent examples for each consensus statement is provided herein.
Authors: J J Walsh; J K Jolliff; B P Darrow; J M Lenes; S P Milroy; A Remsen; D A Dieterle; K L Carder; F R Chen; G A Vargo; R H Weisberg; K A Fanning; F E Muller-Karger; E Shinn; K A Steidinger; C A Heil; C R Tomas; J S Prospero; T N Lee; G J Kirkpatrick; T E Whitledge; D A Stockwell; T A Villareal; A E Jochens; P S Bontempi Journal: J Geophys Res Date: 2006-11-07
Authors: Joann M Burkholder; Andrew S Gordon; Peter D Moeller; J Mac Law; Kathryn J Coyne; Alan J Lewitus; John S Ramsdell; Harold G Marshall; Nora J Deamer; S Craig Cary; Jason W Kempton; Steven L Morton; Parke A Rublee Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2005-02-22 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: J M Burkholder; H B Glasgow; N J Deamer-Melia; J Springer; M W Parrow; C Zhang; P J Cancellieri Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2001-10 Impact factor: 9.031