Lindsay K Borg1, T Kyle Harrison1,2, Alex Kou1,2, Edward R Mariano1,2, Ankeet D Udani1,3, T Edward Kim1,2, Cynthia Shum2, Steven K Howard1,2. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. 2. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Objective measures are needed to guide the novice's pathway to expertise. Within and outside medicine, eye tracking has been used for both training and assessment. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that eye tracking may differentiate novices from experts in static image interpretation for ultrasound (US)-guided regional anesthesia. METHODS: We recruited novice anesthesiology residents and regional anesthesiology experts. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses, were shown 5 sonograms of US-guided regional anesthesia, and were asked a series of anatomy-based questions related to each image while their eye movements were recorded. The answer to each question was a location on the sonogram, defined as the area of interest (AOI). The primary outcome was the total gaze time in the AOI (seconds). Secondary outcomes were the total gaze time outside the AOI (seconds), total time to answer (seconds), and time to first fixation on the AOI (seconds). RESULTS: Five novices and 5 experts completed the study. Although the gaze time (mean ± SD) in the AOI was not different between groups (7 ± 4 seconds for novices and 7 ± 3 seconds for experts; P = .150), the gaze time outside the AOI was greater for novices (75 ± 18 versus 44 ± 4 seconds for experts; P = .005). The total time to answer and total time to first fixation in the AOI were both shorter for experts. CONCLUSIONS: Experts in US-guided regional anesthesia take less time to identify sonoanatomy and spend less unfocused time away from a target compared to novices. Eye tracking is a potentially useful tool to differentiate novices from experts in the domain of US image interpretation.
OBJECTIVES: Objective measures are needed to guide the novice's pathway to expertise. Within and outside medicine, eye tracking has been used for both training and assessment. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that eye tracking may differentiate novices from experts in static image interpretation for ultrasound (US)-guided regional anesthesia. METHODS: We recruited novice anesthesiology residents and regional anesthesiology experts. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses, were shown 5 sonograms of US-guided regional anesthesia, and were asked a series of anatomy-based questions related to each image while their eye movements were recorded. The answer to each question was a location on the sonogram, defined as the area of interest (AOI). The primary outcome was the total gaze time in the AOI (seconds). Secondary outcomes were the total gaze time outside the AOI (seconds), total time to answer (seconds), and time to first fixation on the AOI (seconds). RESULTS: Five novices and 5 experts completed the study. Although the gaze time (mean ± SD) in the AOI was not different between groups (7 ± 4 seconds for novices and 7 ± 3 seconds for experts; P = .150), the gaze time outside the AOI was greater for novices (75 ± 18 versus 44 ± 4 seconds for experts; P = .005). The total time to answer and total time to first fixation in the AOI were both shorter for experts. CONCLUSIONS: Experts in US-guided regional anesthesia take less time to identify sonoanatomy and spend less unfocused time away from a target compared to novices. Eye tracking is a potentially useful tool to differentiate novices from experts in the domain of US image interpretation.
Authors: Colin R Bell; Adam Szulewski; Melanie Walker; Conor McKaigney; Graeme Ross; Louise Rang; Joseph Newbigging; John Kendall Journal: AEM Educ Train Date: 2020-02-28
Authors: Jaber Hanhan; Roderick King; T Kyle Harrison; Alex Kou; Steven K Howard; Lindsay K Borg; Cynthia Shum; Ankeet D Udani; Edward R Mariano Journal: Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim Date: 2018-12-01
Authors: Roderick King; Jaber Hanhan; T Kyle Harrison; Alex Kou; Steven K Howard; Lindsay K Borg; Cynthia Shum; Ankeet D Udani; Edward R Mariano Journal: Korean J Anesthesiol Date: 2018-05-15