Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae).

Faunistic records for 88 frit flies species from southwestern Turkey (Muğla province) and from Samsun (north Turkey) are given. Two species, Dicraeus civelekisp. n., and Meromyza samsunensissp. n., are described as new to science. Altogether, nine genera (Calamoncosis, Eribolus, Gaurax, Incertella, Speccafrons, Trachysiphonella, Chloropsina, Eutropha, and Lagaroceras) and 46 species are recorded for the first time from Turkey.

Introduction

Frit flies (, ) are small to medium sized flies, adult body length 1.5–5.0 mm, rarely larger, with reduced bristling. Body colour very variable, most species are entirely black, and often with metallic sheen (subfamily , , ), whereas some species are yellow with black, red or PageBreakbrown longitudinal stripes on the scutum (subfamily ). The adults occur in various marshy habitats, in deciduous woods, in damp meadows and in open areas. Chloropid larvae have varied feeding habits. Many species are phytophagous, and some of those damage cereals and other grasses. There are also saprophagous species, a few species that have been bred from fungi, and some predaceous species.

The family has not been an object of focused investigation in Turkey. Only two species, and , were included in the first Turkish checklist of (Koçak and Kemal 2009). Nartshuk (2012) summarized all published historical data, identified several specimens from Turkey, and published a more complete list in which she listed 64 species from 31 genera and 4 subfamilies. Koçak and Kemal (2013) took over the list of species from Nartshuk (2012) but forgot to include the work of Deeming and Al-Dhafer (2012) with the first record of from Turkey. Kubik et al (2016) described from Turkey as new to science. Two other species described as new to science in the current paper and 46 species recorded for the first time from Turkey increasing the total number of known Turkish species to 114.

Materials and methods

The studied material, unless stated otherwise, was collected between 2011–2015 by M. Barták and Š. Kubík, and it is deposited in the collection of the Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague. It originates from southwestern and northern Turkey, mainly from the Muğla province and, to a lesser extent, also from the city of Samsun (Samsun province). The specimens were collected by Malaise traps (MT) and yellow and white pan water traps (PT), or they were swept from vegetation (SW). Most of the specimens were originally preserved in alcohol and were dried and mounted later on using the method described by Barták (1997). The genitalia of the described species here were macerated in 10 % KOH (24 hours, room temperature) and later stored together with the specimens on plastic tags and fixed with butyl-methacrylate copolymer of methyl-methacrylate, xylene. The genitalia and individual species were photographed using a Nikon D300 digital camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ-U microscope and images were edited with the computer software NIS-Elements 3.0. On average, each final image is a stack from 15 layers. Images were improved using the software Adobe Photoshop, genitalia served as models for outline of hand drawn illustrations; details were added by direct observation of the genitalia.

The morphological terms used here follow Merz and Haenni (2000). The distribution of species, unless stated otherwise, was taken from Nartshuk (2012, 2013). The species recorded here with for the first time from Turkey are marked by an asterisk and males, females are abbreviated M, F, respectively.

List of species

Subfamily:

(Strobl, 1893)

Material examined.

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

Distribution.

Widely distributed in the southern Palaearctic Region, from Europe to the Russian Far East and Mongolia.

Strobl, 1906

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F.

From southern Europe and North Africa to Central Asia.

Nartshuk, 1978

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 6M and 5F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M and 2F.

the species was described from Kyrgyzstan and further recorded from Japan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Greece, Macedonia and Cyprus. Deeming and Al-Dhafer (2012) recorded this species from Turkey for the first time.

Deeming, 2006

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 2M.

originally described and hitherto known only from Turkey.

Becker, 1903

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M.

described from Egypt and further recorded from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroun, South Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Israel and Cyprus.

Nartshuk, 1964

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, , 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, 40 m, forest, SW + PT, , 16.–27.v.2011, 1M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M.

southern Palaearctc Region, from Hungary to Central Asia.

(Collin, 1946)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 5M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 14M and 18F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

a widely distributed but rare Palaearctic species, known from Europe and North Africa to Oman and Mongolia.

Collin, 1946

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 3M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

West Palaearctic species.

Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Turkey: Gökçeova Gölü, lake shore, 1 750 m, , 20.ix.2012, 12M and 14F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 18M and 7F; Turkey: Muğla, University, campus, PT, 700 m, , 21.–24.ix.2012, 10M and 14F,: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

a mediterranean species, known from the North Africa, Greek mainland, French mainland, Crete and Bulgaria.

(Strobl, 1909)

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M and 3F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M.

a widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Fallén, 1820)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, , H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

a widely distributed Palaearctic species, known from Europe to Israel and Mongolia.

agropyri Nartshuk, 1964

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200 m, , 23.–27.vi.2015, 2M.

the species is known from Russia East, Russia South, Ukraine and East Palaearctic.

Nartshuk, 2010

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 1F, Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, , H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

described and hitherto known only from Greece.

(Holiday, 1838)

Turkey: 12km SW of Muğla, , 660 m, , 23.v. 2011, 1M; Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, , H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

this species was recorded from West Europe and from the Crimea.

(Macquart, 1835)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, , H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M and 1F.

Holarctic species.

(Loew, 1858)

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

southern Europe, Canary Islands, Madeira, Israel.

(Meigen, 1830)

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed in the West Palaearctic Region.

(Fallén, 1820)

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 1M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region.

* Becker, 1910

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 8M and 4F.

Mediterranean species

Duda, 1932

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 2M.

southern Eurasian species, known from Spain to China.

Nartshuk, 2009

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 3F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M and 2F; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

this species was described from Italia, Sardegna and further known from the Balearic Islands.

Becker, 1910

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M and 2F.

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

Becker, 1910

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

Czerny, 1906

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

(Loew, 1858)

Turkey: 11km E of Muğla, pine wood + meadow, 1310m, , 23.v.2011, 1M.

Eurasian species

(Collin, 1946)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 6M and 2F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 2M and 2F.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Strobl, 1893)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, , 26.–27.vi.2015, 1M; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, flowers, 460 m, , 30.vi.2015, 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, , 22.vi.–1.vii.2015, 1M.

this species is known from southern Europe, Kazakhstan, and Asia Minor.

(Duda, 1933)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M.

this species is known from Europe, Turkey and Iran.

(von Roser, 1840)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, , 26.–27.vi.2015, 2M.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Becker, 1910)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, 700 m, , Malaise trap, edge of pine wood, xi.2012–iii.2013, 4M and 2F.

this species is known from Southern Europe

(Thalhammer, 1898)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 15M and 12F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 10M and 5F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 12M and 24F.

common and widely distributed species in the southern Palaearctic Region, from Azores and Madeira to Afghanistan, recently spreading as north as England and Northern Germany.

Loew, 1858

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1M Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

widely distributed Holarctic species.

Schiner, 1854

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Duda, 1932)

Turkey: Akyaka, 40 m, forest, SW + PT, , 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 6F.

West Palaearctic species.

(Loew, 1858)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 12M and 10F.

mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe, and North Africa to Israel.

(Strobl, 1900)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m. 3M; Turkey: Muğla, 700 m, University campus, SW + PT, , 29.iv.–10.v.2013, 2M.

this species is known from North Africa and West Palaearctic Region.

(Strobl, 1893)

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 10M and 6F.

mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe to Israel.

Nartshuk, 2012

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 4M and 3F; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, flowers, 460 m, , 30.vi.2015, 1M

this species is known only from Turkey.

(Meigen, 1838)

Turkey: 11km E of Muğla, pine wood + meadow, 1310m, , 1.v.2013, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 5M and 6F; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, flowers, 460 m, , 30.vi.2015, 3M and 4F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, SW + YPWT, , 28.–30.vi.2015, 5M and 6F

this species is distributed in Europe, the mediterranean subregion, and in Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Yakutia and Mongolia.

(Duda, 1933)

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 5M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 6M and 5F; Turkey: Dalyan, orchard, 4 m, , 24.ix.2012, 32M and 43F;

the species was previously known from Turkey to Pakistan and Israel, Africa from Egypt to Chad, Seychelles, and Cape Verde Islands.

Merz, 2008

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2 F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 2M and 2F.

described and hitherto known only from Switzerland.

Nartshuk, 1964

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2F.

the species was described from Kazakhstan and further recorded from Mongolia, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Greece.

Deeming & Al–Dhafer, 2012

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200m, , 23.–27.vi.2015, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, SW + YPWT, , 28.–30.vi.2015, 1M and 1F.

this species was described from Yemen and further recorded from Oman and Saudi Arabia.

(Macquart, 1835)

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 10.–12.ix.2014, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F

this species is distributed in Palaearctic Region.

Dely–Draskovits, 1983

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M.

this species is known from Europe.

(Loew, 1858)

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, , 26.–27.vi.2015, 2M and 11F

widely distributed species, recorded from the southern Palaearctic Region and the Afrotropical Region.

Dely–Draskovits, 1983

Turkey: Muğla, University, campus, PT, 700 m, , 21.–24.ix.2012, 1M.

this species is known only from Hungary, Czech Republic and Ukraine.

(Fallén, 1820)

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Strobl, 1893)

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, , 24.ix.2012, 2M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 10.–12.ix.2014, 4M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 4M and 3F.

south Palaearctic species, known from southern Europe and North Africa to Afghanistan.

(Latreille, 1805)

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 2M.

This species is known almost from all Europe (except the northern parts), the Caucasus, southern part of Palaearctic Asia and North Africa.

Tonnoir, 1921

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

this species is known only from Europe and Turkey.

(Zetterstedt, 1848)

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Nartshuk, 2012

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 5M and 3F.

this species is known only from Turkey.

Meigen, 1830

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

this species is distributed in Palaearctic Region.

Meigen, 1830

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, SW + YPWT, 8 m, , 22.–24.vi.2015, 2M and 1F;

Palaearctic Region.

Meigen, 1830

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

this species is known from Palaearctic Region.

Meigen, 1830

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 8M and 6F.

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

(Bjerkander, 1778)

Turkey: Muğla, 700 m, University campus, SW + PT, , 29.iv.–10.v.2013, 1F; Turkey: 15km SW of Muğla, damp valley nr.brook, 630 m, , 23.v.20111M.

Eurasian species, known from Europe to Mongolia.

Loew 1866

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, , 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 1M.

this species is known from West Palaearctic Region.

(Becker, 1910)

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 8.–14.ix.2014, 1M.

this species was described and hitherto known only from Greece.

(Meigen 1830)

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 3M.

species widely distributed in North Africa and Palaearctic Region.

(Meigen, 1830)

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 4M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, SW + YPWT, 8 m, , 22.–24.vi.2015, 4M and 2F.

Europe and Kazakhstan.

(Duda, 1933)

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 1M.

Palaearctic distributed species.

(Fallén, 1820)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

Holarctic species; in the Palaearctic Region known from the British Isles to Far East Russia.

A. Costa, 1885

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M and 4F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 4F.

this species is known from Central and South Europe, Syria and Israel.

Meigen, 1830

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

widely distributed Palaearctic species known also from Near East.

Becker, 1903

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

this species is known from North Africa (Egypt) and Israel.

(Haliday, 1833)

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 3M

the species is known in Near East and West Palaearctic Region.

Becker, 1903

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 10.–12.ix.2014, 2M

this species is known from Near East (Egypt), Ethiopia, Mozambique and South Africa.

(Loew, 1866)

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, , 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F.

Palaearctic species.

Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, , 24.ix.2012, 3M and 3F.

this species was described from Israel.

(Meigen, 1830)

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M.

Palaearctic species.

Dely-Draskovits, 1982

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M.

this species was known earlier from Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Transpalaearctic species.

Becker, 1912

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M.

this species was known earlier from Europe and Near East.

(Duda, 1933)

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 5M.

Mediterranean species, known from Bulgaria, the North Africa and Corsica.

Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 8.–14.ix.2014, 8M and 4F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, , 24.ix.2012, 6M and 8F.

this species was described from Israel.

Hubicka, 1966

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, , 22.vi.–1.vii.2015, 2M and 1F.

this species was known earlier from Estonia, Lithuania and Poland.

Ozerov, 2009

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, , 24.ix.2012, 4M and 1F.

this species is known only from European part of Turkey.

Nartshuk, 2006

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200m, , 23.–27.vi.2015, 6M and 9F.

this species was described from Slovenia and further known from Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia and Bosnia.

Peterfi, 1961

Turkey: Gökçeova Gölü, lake shore, 1 750 m, , 20.ix.2012, 6M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 21.ix.2012, 4M and 2F.

Palaearctic species.

Macquart, 1835

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Holarctic species: in the Palaearctic Region it is widely distributed from the British Isles to Japan; in North America it is known only from the West.

Becker, 1910

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, , 8.–14.ix.2014, 6M and 4F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, , 10.–12.ix.2014, 5M and 4F;

Mediterranean species.

(Meigen, 1830)

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, , 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 4M and 8F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, , sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 8F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, , 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M and 6F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M and 8F.

widespread species, recorded from the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions.

(Becker, 1907)

Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, flowers, 460 m, , 30.vi.2015, 1M and 2F.

South Palaearctic species, known from the Canary Islands to China.

Descriptions of new species

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/DB8D5B04-4123-4738-9552-5D377D1C4D75

Figs 1–3 , 4–5

Figure 1–3.

sp. n. (holotype): 1 body (abdomen missing), lateral view 2 body (abdomen missing), dorsal view 3 wing.

Figure 4–9.

4–5 sp. n. (holotype): 4 epandrium posterior view 5 epandrium lateral view 6–7 : 6 epandrium posterior view 7 epandrium lateral view (after Nartshuk 2010) 8–9 : 8 epandrium posterior view 9 epandrium lateral view (after Nartshuk 2010).

Type material.

Holotype male, Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, , 22.vi.–1.vii.2015. Holotype is in good condition, abdomen on plastic tags together with the specimen. Paratype: 1M same data.

Diagnosis.

Grey dusted black species with yellow face, anterior part of frons, antennae, palpus, fore and mid tibia. Costal vein reaches one-fourth the way between R4 + 5 and M1 + 2.

Description.

Male. Frons longer than wide, yellow on anterior third and black on posterior portion, ocellar triangle black, 2/3 length of frons. Face and gena yellow. Gena wider than first flagellomere with a row of black peristomal setulae. Palpus yellow with black setulae. Antenna yellow, first flagellomere round and yellow, arista short pubescent. Occiput black. Setae and setulae of head black.

Thorax black with grey microtrichosity, entirely covered with black setulae. Scutellum round triangular with long apical convergent setae and a pair of subapicals 2/3 length of PageBreakapical ones. Anterior portion of pleura shining, anepisternum and katepisternum partly microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: 2 postpronotal, 1 + 2 notopleural, two postalar and one prescutellar setae. Wing clear with whitish yellow veins. Costal vein reaches one-fourth the length between R4 + 5 and M1 + 2 (Fig. 3). Halter whitish yellow. Legs: fore coxa, fore and mid tibia yellow, all femora and hind tibia black.Abdomen brown with a narrow yellow band on tergites. Male genitalia (Figs 4–5): epandrium black, surstylus brownish yellow with several long setae at base. Apex of surstylus broad and straight. Cercus broad and orthogonally curved, not pointed.

Body length: 2 mm.

Female: unknown.

Remarks.

The species belongs to subgenus Becker based on the structure of the male genitalia: cerci long and wide apart, surstyli longer than epandrium. Cerci wide and curved, not narrow, straight and pointed, surstylus with wide and straight apex, not narrowed as in Beschovski, 1977 (Figs 8–9) and not rounded as in Nartshuk, 2010 (Figs 6–7).

Etymology.

Named in honour of Prof. Hasan Civelek, our colleague and dipterologist from Muğla University, Turkey.

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/F6774AC1-8773-4C3B-9927-A02419668DCA

Figs 10–12 , 13–15

Figure 10–12.

sp. n. (paratype): 10 body lateral view 11 body dorsal view 12 hind femora, lateral (dorsal) view.

Figure 13–16.

sp. n. (holotype): 13 epandrium, posterior view 14 epandrium, lateral view 15 postgonite, lateral view 16 : postgonite, lateral view (after Nartshuk and Fedoseeva, 2011).

Type material.

Holotype male, Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014. Holotype is in good condition, abdomen on plastic tags together with the specimen. Paratypes: 2M and 2F same data.

Diagnosis.

Species with black palpus on apical half, first flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide, red grey microtrichose stripes on scutum and hind femur nearly four times thicker than tibia. has anterior process of postgonite widened laterally forming distinct longitudinal rib; upper half parallel and curved, lower half concave. This character is hardly visible in lateral view (Fig. 15). In , the anterior process of postgonite is flat, wide and with three to four smooth spinules on the surface (Fig. 16).

Description.

Male (Figs 10–11). Ground colour yellow. Frons produced anteriorly, produced region of frons same width of first flagellomere. Ocellar triangle occupying two-thirds of frons, shining, rugose on apical portion and black on ocellar tubercle only, with one row of black interfrontal setae along sides. First flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide, yellow, darkened on dorsal portion and with long pale setulae. Arista yellow, nearly bare. Genal as wide as first flagellomere. Vibrissal angle obtuse. Palpus black on apical half and yellow basally.

Thorax: Scutum with red grey microtrichose stripes, midstripe reaching scutellum and scutellum with small red mark. Pleura with red marks except small black mark on anepisternum. Wing hyaline with whitish yellow veins. Halter whitish yellow. Legs yellow, fore tarsus darkened. Hind femur strongly swollen, nearly four times as thick as tibia (Fig. 12).

Abdomen: yellow with dark midstripe and small spots on tergites 2–5. Male genitalia (Figs 13–14): epandrium yellow, with long curved surstylus evenly covered with small setulae. The upper half of anterior process of postgonite is parallel and curved, lower half concave. Posterior process enlarged (Fig. 15).

Body length 3.5–4.0 mm.

Remarks.

New species has elongated first flagellomere. The character is rear in , only two species have elongated first flagellomere: Fedoseeeva, 1974 and (Frey, 1921). has first flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide (similar to sp. n) but palpus is yellow and stripes on the scutum are brown. has first flagellomere 2.5 times as long as wide and hind femur 3 times as wide as hind tibia. sp. n is similar to Macquart, 1835 in having red stripes on the scutum with median stripe reaching the scutellum, palpus black on apical half, and hind femur strongly swollen. The main difference between both species is in the shape of postgonite.

Etymology.

the species epithet refers to the location where the holotype was collected (the city of Samsun).

Comments

The new species may be included in the key to Palaearctic species of the genus Meigen (Nartshuk and Fedoseeva, 2011) by the following modification:

Discussion

Altogether 114 species of the family are known at the present time from Turkey. Nine genera (, , , , , , , , and ) and 46 species are recorded here for the first time. Two species ( sp. n. and sp. n.) are described. Based on comparisons with the fauna of some adjacent countries, it seems as though the number of species in Turkey is in fact much larger: Bulgaria (Beschovski 1985) with 144 species, Israel with more than 100 species (Kaplan 1977), 51 species from Greece (Nartshuk 2010) and 394 species are known to occur in Europe (Nartshuk 2013).

123 (124)	Hind femur strongly thickened, at least 4 times as wide as hind tibia. Stripes of scutum rufous	123a
123a	Anterior process of postgonite flat, wide and with three to four smooth spikes on surface (Fig. 16)	M. femorata
123b	Anterior process of postgonite widened laterally forming distinct longitudinal rib; upper half parallel and curved, lower half concave. (Fig. 15)	M. samsunensis sp. n.
124 (123)	Hind femur moderately thickened, less than 3 times as wide as hind tibia. Stripes of scutum mostly dark; if rufus, anterior margin of anterior process of postgonite sharply narrowed and projecting.