Filipa A Costa1, Claire Scullin2, Ghaith Al-Taani3, Ahmed F Hawwa4, Claire Anderson5, Zinaida Bezverhni6, Zahida Binakaj7, Maria Cordina8, Veerle Foulon9, Borja Garcia de Bikuña10, Han de Gier11, Anne Gerd Granås12, Olga Grinstova13, Nina Griese-Mammen14, Jonas Grincevicius15, Svitrigaile Grinceviciene16, Susanne Kaae17, Loreta Kubiliene18, Eduardo L Mariño19, Silvia Martins20, Pilar Modamio19, Giancarlo Nadin21, Lotte Stig Nørgaard17, Emina Obarcanin22, Ivana Tadic23, Ljiljana Tasic23, James C McElnay2, Kurt E Hersberger24, Tommy Westerlund25,26. 1. Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society (PPS), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ISCSEM), Lisbon, Portugal. 2. Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. 3. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. 4. Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. 5. School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 6. Department of Social Pharmacy, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Nicolae Testemitanu", Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. 7. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina. 8. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta. 9. Department Farmaceutische en Farmacologische Wetenschappen, Klinische Farmacologie en Farmacotherapie, O&N II, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 10. Foro de Atención Farmacéutica Farmacia Comunitaria, Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos, Madrid, Spain. 11. University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 12. School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 13. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy, Сharkiv, Ukraine. 14. Department of Medicine, ABDA-Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany. 15. Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 16. Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 17. Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Section for Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark. 18. Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. 19. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 20. Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal. 21. Centrimark-Dept. of Economic and Business Management Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy. 22. Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmakotherapeutics, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 23. Department for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia. 24. Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 25. Sahlgrenska Academy, Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 26. Faculty of Health and Society, Dept of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: Pharmaceutical care involves patient-centred pharmacist activity to improve medicines management by patients. The implementation of this service in a comprehensive manner, however, requires considerable organisation and effort, and indeed, it is often not fully implemented in care settings. The main objective was to assess how pharmaceutical care provision within community pharmacy has evolved over time in Europe. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of community pharmacies, using a modified version of the Behavioural Pharmaceutical Care Scale (BPCS) was conducted in late 2012/early 2013 within 16 European countries and compared with an earlier assessment conducted in 2006. RESULTS: The provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical care has slightly improved in all European countries that participated in both editions of this survey (n = 8) with progress being made particularly in Denmark and Switzerland. Moreover, there was a wider country uptake, indicating spread of the concept. However, due to a number of limitations, the results should be interpreted with caution. Using combined data from participating countries, the provision of pharmaceutical care was positively correlated with the participation of the community pharmacists in patient-centred activities, routine use of pharmacy software with access to clinical data, participation in multidisciplinary team meetings, and having specialized education. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated a slight evolution in self-reported provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe, as measured by the BPCS. The slow progress suggests a range of barriers, which are preventing pharmacists moving beyond traditional roles. Support from professional bodies and more patient-centred community pharmacy contracts, including remuneration for pharmaceutical care services, are likely to be required if quicker progress is to be made in the future.
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: Pharmaceutical care involves patient-centred pharmacist activity to improve medicines management by patients. The implementation of this service in a comprehensive manner, however, requires considerable organisation and effort, and indeed, it is often not fully implemented in care settings. The main objective was to assess how pharmaceutical care provision within community pharmacy has evolved over time in Europe. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of community pharmacies, using a modified version of the Behavioural Pharmaceutical Care Scale (BPCS) was conducted in late 2012/early 2013 within 16 European countries and compared with an earlier assessment conducted in 2006. RESULTS: The provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical care has slightly improved in all European countries that participated in both editions of this survey (n = 8) with progress being made particularly in Denmark and Switzerland. Moreover, there was a wider country uptake, indicating spread of the concept. However, due to a number of limitations, the results should be interpreted with caution. Using combined data from participating countries, the provision of pharmaceutical care was positively correlated with the participation of the community pharmacists in patient-centred activities, routine use of pharmacy software with access to clinical data, participation in multidisciplinary team meetings, and having specialized education. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated a slight evolution in self-reported provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe, as measured by the BPCS. The slow progress suggests a range of barriers, which are preventing pharmacists moving beyond traditional roles. Support from professional bodies and more patient-centred community pharmacy contracts, including remuneration for pharmaceutical care services, are likely to be required if quicker progress is to be made in the future.
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Authors: Adina Turcu-Stiolica; Maria Kamusheva; Maria Bogdan; Ivana Tadic; Klejda Harasani; Mihaela-Simona Subtirelu; Andreea-Daniela Meca; Sofia Šesto; Marina Odalović; Jasmina Arsić; Svetlana Stojkov; Emili Terzieva; Guenka Petrova Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2021-11-25