Ga Eun Nam1, Seon Mee Kim2, Mi-Kyeong Choi3, Young-Ran Heo4, Tai-Sun Hyun5, Eun-Soon Lyu6, Se-Young Oh7, Hae-Ryun Park8, Hee-Kyong Ro9, Kyungdo Han10, Yeon Kyung Lee11. 1. Department of Family Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksmpdh@korea.ac.kr. 3. Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea. 6. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. 7. Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 8. Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea. 9. Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea. 10. Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 11. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yklee@knu.ac.kr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between sodium intake, as assessed by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, and various obesity parameters among South Korean adults. The associations of 24-h urinary sodium excretion and sodium intake calculated from the dietary questionnaire with obesity parameters also were compared. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study analyzed data of 640 healthy adults from eight provinces in South Korea. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Mean 24-h urinary sodium excretion was calculated from repeatedly collected 24-h urine samples. Participants' dietary intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall interview on the days before 24-h urine collection. RESULTS: In both sexes, the means of all anthropometric measurements tended to increase proportionally with 24-h urinary sodium excretion quartiles, regardless of adjustment. Men in the highest quartile (Q4) of 24-h urinary sodium excretion had increased odds of obesity (as assessed by BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR) compared with men in the three lower quartiles (Q1-Q3) of 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Women in Q4 of 24-h urinary sodium excretion exhibited a higher chance of general obesity and abdominal obesity. Sodium intake calculated from the dietary questionnaire was not significantly associated with obesity in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: In Korean adults, there was a positive association between higher sodium intake as assessed by 24-h urinary sodium excretion and obesity independent of energy intake.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between sodium intake, as assessed by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, and various obesity parameters among South Korean adults. The associations of 24-h urinary sodium excretion and sodium intake calculated from the dietary questionnaire with obesity parameters also were compared. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study analyzed data of 640 healthy adults from eight provinces in South Korea. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Mean 24-h urinary sodium excretion was calculated from repeatedly collected 24-h urine samples. Participants' dietary intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall interview on the days before 24-h urine collection. RESULTS: In both sexes, the means of all anthropometric measurements tended to increase proportionally with 24-h urinary sodium excretion quartiles, regardless of adjustment. Men in the highest quartile (Q4) of 24-h urinary sodium excretion had increased odds of obesity (as assessed by BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR) compared with men in the three lower quartiles (Q1-Q3) of 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Women in Q4 of 24-h urinary sodium excretion exhibited a higher chance of general obesity and abdominal obesity. Sodium intake calculated from the dietary questionnaire was not significantly associated with obesity in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: In Korean adults, there was a positive association between higher sodium intake as assessed by 24-h urinary sodium excretion and obesity independent of energy intake.
Authors: Long Zhou; Jeremiah Stamler; Queenie Chan; Linda Van Horn; Martha L Daviglus; Alan R Dyer; Katsuyuki Miura; Nagako Okuda; Yangfeng Wu; Hirotsugu Ueshima; Paul Elliott; Liancheng Zhao Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-07-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Hye-Kyung Park; Yoonna Lee; Baeg-Won Kang; Kwang-Il Kwon; Jong-Wook Kim; Oh-Sang Kwon; Laura K Cobb; Norman R C Campbell; Drew E Blakeman; Cho-Il Kim Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2020-05
Authors: Eline H van den Berg; Eke G Gruppen; Hans Blokzijl; Stephan J L Bakker; Robin P F Dullaart Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2019-12-06 Impact factor: 4.241