AIM: To investigate immunologic reactions after implantation of stainless steel (SS) alloy and titanium (Ti) alloy in a rat model. Macrophage and cytokine responses have been reported after the in vivo and in vitro application of different biomaterials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar albino rats after an exploration of the thoracolumbar paravertebral muscle tissue of the subjects, group I underwent a sham surgery, and groups II and III were implanted Ti alloy and SS alloy rods respectively. The CD4, CD8, CD25 (IL-2R) (lymphocyte and CD4 gate), CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (Tregs), IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β, TNF-α in the blood were analyzed. RESULTS: CD4, CD25 (IL-2R), CD4+CD8+ and Tregs levels were lower in the Group III compared to the sham and Group IIs. IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β and TNF-α levels in the G III showed a significant increase on all days in comparison with the sham and Group II. IL-4 and IL-10 levels, were lower in the Group III than those in the Group II; and a significant decrease was observed in the IL-10 level. While there was a reduction in IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the Group II as opposed to the sham group. CONCLUSION: As opposed to SS alloy, Ti alloy suppresses the development of inflammations by inhibiting proinflammatory response; strengthens the humoral immune system by intensifying the antibody-dependent immune response; triggers the development of immune tolerance by regulating the immune response; and activates the mechanism that prevents immune response-related damage from occurring.
AIM: To investigate immunologic reactions after implantation of stainless steel (SS) alloy and titanium (Ti) alloy in a rat model. Macrophage and cytokine responses have been reported after the in vivo and in vitro application of different biomaterials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar albino rats after an exploration of the thoracolumbar paravertebral muscle tissue of the subjects, group I underwent a sham surgery, and groups II and III were implanted Ti alloy and SS alloy rods respectively. The CD4, CD8, CD25 (IL-2R) (lymphocyte and CD4 gate), CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (Tregs), IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β, TNF-α in the blood were analyzed. RESULTS:CD4, CD25 (IL-2R), CD4+CD8+ and Tregs levels were lower in the Group III compared to the sham and Group IIs. IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β and TNF-α levels in the G III showed a significant increase on all days in comparison with the sham and Group II. IL-4 and IL-10 levels, were lower in the Group III than those in the Group II; and a significant decrease was observed in the IL-10 level. While there was a reduction in IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the Group II as opposed to the sham group. CONCLUSION: As opposed to SS alloy, Ti alloy suppresses the development of inflammations by inhibiting proinflammatory response; strengthens the humoral immune system by intensifying the antibody-dependent immune response; triggers the development of immune tolerance by regulating the immune response; and activates the mechanism that prevents immune response-related damage from occurring.
Authors: Smitha E Mathew; Yong Xie; Leila Bagheri; Liam E Claton; Lin Chu; Amr Badreldin; Matthew P Abdel; Andre J van Wijnen; Geoffrey F Haft; Todd A Milbrandt; A Noelle Larson Journal: J Pediatr Orthop Date: 2022-03-01 Impact factor: 2.324
Authors: Jakub Litak; Michał Szymoniuk; Wojciech Czyżewski; Zofia Hoffman; Joanna Litak; Leon Sakwa; Piotr Kamieniak Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2022-05-20 Impact factor: 3.748