Calorimetric Biosensing System for Quantification of Urinary Creatinine.

In this work, we demonstrate the quantification of creatinine in human urine samples using a microcalorimetric sensing system. The calorimetric sensor is based on an array of microfabricated Y-cut quartz resonators. The piezoelectric quartz is etched down to a thickness of 10 μm and exhibits a bulk acoustic resonance of 166 MHz. The temperature sensitivity of this high-frequency quartz resonator is 14 600 Hz/K due to the high phenomenological sensitivity of quartz. Most importantly, the quartz sensors and the analyte fluidics are decoupled providing a significantly more robust calorimetric sensing system than directly contacted chip calorimeters. A reference resonator, consisting of a suspended structure held by four arms, was realized to thermal isolation from the bulk quartz by using focused ion beam etching. We employ alginate entrapped creatinine deiminase to transduce urinary creatinine into temperature signatures, permitting the quantification of creatinine. Fairly good agreement with the measured creatinine values in the 5 urine samples using calorimetric and HPLC methods is obtained.