A retrospective comparison of inhaled milrinone and iloprost in post-bypass pulmonary hypertension.

During cardiac operations, weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may prove challenging as a result of superimposed acute right ventricular dysfunction in the setting of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effect of inhaled milrinone versus inhaled iloprost in patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension following discontinuation of CPB. Eighteen patients with elevated PVR post-bypass were administered inhaled milrinone at a cumulative dose of 50 μg kg-1. These patients were retrospectively matched with 18 patients who were administered 20 μg of inhaled iloprost. Both drugs were administered through a disposable aerosol-generating jet nebulizer device and inhaled for a 15-min period. Hemodynamic measurements were performed before and after cessation of the inhalation period. Both inhaled milrinone and inhaled iloprost induced significant reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure and PVR and significant increases in cardiac index in patients with post-CPB pulmonary hypertension. The favorable effect of both agents on the pulmonary vasculature was confirmed by echocardiographic measurements. Both agents were devoid of systemic side effects, since mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were not affected. A decrease in intrapulmonary shunt by inhalation of both agents was also demonstrated. Pulmonary vasodilatation attributed to iloprost seems to be of greater magnitude and of longer duration as compared to that of inhaled milrinone. Both substances proved to be selective pulmonary vasodilators. The greater magnitude and of longer duration vasodilatation attributed to iloprost may be due to its longer duration of action.