I-Fan Shih1, Kimberly Paul1, Mary Haan2, Yu Yu1, Beate Ritz3. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: britz@ucla.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The etiologies of dementia are complex and influenced by genetic and environmental factors including medical conditions. METHODS: We used Cox regression model to estimate the individual and joint effects of physical activity (PA), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and diabetes status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) among 1438 cognitively intact Mexican American elderly who were followed up to 10 years. RESULTS: The risk of developing dementia/CIND was increased more than threefold in APOE ε4 carriers or diabetics with low levels of PA compared with ε4 noncarriers or nondiabetics who engaged in high PA (ε4: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.85-6.39; diabetes: HR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.87-5.18); the presence of all three risk factors increased risk by nearly 10-fold (HR = 9.49, 95% CI = 3.57-25.3). DISCUSSION: PA in elderly Hispanics protects strongly against the onset of dementia/CIND, especially in APOE ε4 carriers and those who have diabetes.
INTRODUCTION: The etiologies of dementia are complex and influenced by genetic and environmental factors including medical conditions. METHODS: We used Cox regression model to estimate the individual and joint effects of physical activity (PA), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and diabetes status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) among 1438 cognitively intact Mexican American elderly who were followed up to 10 years. RESULTS: The risk of developing dementia/CIND was increased more than threefold in APOE ε4 carriers or diabetics with low levels of PA compared with ε4 noncarriers or nondiabetics who engaged in high PA (ε4: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.85-6.39; diabetes: HR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.87-5.18); the presence of all three risk factors increased risk by nearly 10-fold (HR = 9.49, 95% CI = 3.57-25.3). DISCUSSION: PA in elderly Hispanics protects strongly against the onset of dementia/CIND, especially in APOE ε4 carriers and those who have diabetes.
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