S Patricia Chou1, Tulshi D Saha2, Haitao Zhang3, W June Ruan4, Boji Huang5, Bridget F Grant6, Carlos Blanco7, Wilson Compton8. 1. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: Patricia.Chou@nih.gov. 2. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: sahatd@mail.nih.gov. 3. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: haitao.zhang@nih.gov. 4. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: ruanj@mail.nih.gov. 5. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: huangbo@mail.nih.gov. 6. Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 3071, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: bgrant@mail.nih.gov. 7. Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: carlos.blanco2@nih.gov. 8. Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States. Electronic address: wcompton@nida.nih.gov.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study presents nationally representative data on the prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment (including pharmacological and nonpharmacological) among electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. RESULTS: Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use were 3.8% (SE=0.14) and 5.4% (SE=0.17). Odds of ENDS use were greater among men than women, regardless of timeframe. Rates were lower among Blacks, Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders relative to Whites. Odds of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use was also higher among younger (<65years) than older (≥65years) individuals and higher among individuals with high school education relative to these with some college education. Odds of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use was also higher among individuals with incomes <$70,000.00 compared with those with incomes≥$70,000.00 and higher among the previously married relative to those who were currently married. Associations between 12-month ENDS use and severe nicotine use disorder were strong, whereas associations with other substance use disorders and borderline and antisocial personality disorders were modest (AORs=1.3-2.6). Rates of treatment seeking to cut down or quit tobacco or nicotine use (12-month, 25.0% (SE=1.6); lifetime, 24.4% (SE=1.4)) were low. CONCLUSIONS: ENDS use is substantially comorbid, especially with nicotine use disorder. Virtually all ENDS users smoked cigarettes. Research is needed to understand their role in smoking cessation, adverse effects on bodily systems and their potential for addiction and comorbidity.
INTRODUCTION: This study presents nationally representative data on the prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment (including pharmacological and nonpharmacological) among electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. RESULTS: Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use were 3.8% (SE=0.14) and 5.4% (SE=0.17). Odds of ENDS use were greater among men than women, regardless of timeframe. Rates were lower among Blacks, Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders relative to Whites. Odds of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use was also higher among younger (<65years) than older (≥65years) individuals and higher among individuals with high school education relative to these with some college education. Odds of 12-month and lifetime ENDS use was also higher among individuals with incomes <$70,000.00 compared with those with incomes≥$70,000.00 and higher among the previously married relative to those who were currently married. Associations between 12-month ENDS use and severe nicotine use disorder were strong, whereas associations with other substance use disorders and borderline and antisocial personality disorders were modest (AORs=1.3-2.6). Rates of treatment seeking to cut down or quit tobacco or nicotine use (12-month, 25.0% (SE=1.6); lifetime, 24.4% (SE=1.4)) were low. CONCLUSIONS: ENDS use is substantially comorbid, especially with nicotine use disorder. Virtually all ENDS users smoked cigarettes. Research is needed to understand their role in smoking cessation, adverse effects on bodily systems and their potential for addiction and comorbidity.
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