Karri Silventoinen1,2, Aline Jelenkovic3,4, Reijo Sund3,5, Yoshie Yokoyama6, Yoon-Mi Hur7, Wendy Cozen8,9, Amie E Hwang8, Thomas M Mack8,9, Chika Honda2, Fujio Inui2,10, Yoshinori Iwatani2, Mikio Watanabe2, Rie Tomizawa2, Kirsi H Pietiläinen11,12, Aila Rissanen11,12, Sisira H Siribaddana13,14, Matthew Hotopf15, Athula Sumathipala13,16, Fruhling Rijsdijk17, Qihua Tan18, Dongfeng Zhang19, Zengchang Pang20, Maarit Piirtola3,21, Sari Aaltonen3,22, Sevgi Y Öncel23, Fazil Aliev24,25,26, Esther Rebato4, Jacob B Hjelmborg27, Kaare Christensen27,28, Axel Skytthe27, Kirsten O Kyvik29,30, Judy L Silberg31, Lindon J Eaves31, Tessa L Cutler32, Juan R Ordoñana33,34, Juan F Sánchez-Romera33,34, Lucia Colodro-Conde33,35, Yun-Mi Song36, Sarah Yang37,38, Kayoung Lee39, Carol E Franz40, William S Kremen40,41, Michael J Lyons42, Andreas Busjahn43, Tracy L Nelson44, Keith E Whitfield45, Christian Kandler46, Kerry L Jang47, Margaret Gatz48,49, David A Butler50, Maria A Stazi51, Corrado Fagnani51, Cristina D'Ippolito51, Glen E Duncan52, Dedra Buchwald52, Nicholas G Martin53, Sarah E Medland53, Grant W Montgomery54, Hoe-Uk Jeong7, Gary E Swan55, Ruth Krasnow56, Patrik Ke Magnusson49, Nancy L Pedersen49, Anna K Dahl Aslan49,57, Tom A McAdams17, Thalia C Eley17, Alice M Gregory58, Per Tynelius59, Laura A Baker48, Catherine Tuvblad48,60, Gombojav Bayasgalan61, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai61,62, Timothy D Spector63, Massimo Mangino63,64, Genevieve Lachance63, S Alexandra Burt65, Kelly L Klump65, Jennifer R Harris66, Ingunn Brandt66, Thomas S Nilsen66, Robert F Krueger67, Matt McGue67, Shandell Pahlen67, Robin P Corley68, Brooke M Huibregtse68, Meike Bartels69, Catharina Em van Beijsterveldt69, Gonneke Willemsen69, Jack H Goldberg70, Finn Rasmussen59, Adam D Tarnoki71,72, David L Tarnoki71,72, Catherine A Derom73,74, Robert F Vlietinck73, Ruth Jf Loos75, John L Hopper37,32, Joohon Sung37,38, Hermine H Maes76, Eric Turkheimer77, Dorret I Boomsma69, Thorkild Ia Sørensen78,79,80, Jaakko Kaprio22,21. 1. Departments of Social Research and karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi. 2. Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 3. Departments of Social Research and. 4. Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain. 5. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 6. Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. 7. Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea. 8. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine. 9. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and. 10. Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan. 11. Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 12. Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 13. Institute of Research and Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. 14. Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka. 15. National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience. 16. Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. 17. Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, and. 18. Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Departments of Public Health and. 19. Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China. 20. Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China. 21. Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. 22. Public Health, and. 23. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey. 24. Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey. 25. Departments of Psychology and. 26. African American Studies. 27. The Danish Twin Registry. 28. Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Clinical Genetics, and. 29. Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 30. Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 31. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and. 32. The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 33. Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. 34. Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. 35. Quantitative Genetics Laboratory and. 36. Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 37. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and. 38. Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. 39. Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. 40. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA. 41. US Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA. 42. Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA. 43. HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany. 44. Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Aurora, CO. 45. Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. 46. Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. 47. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Departments of. 48. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 49. Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and. 50. Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC. 51. Italian National Institute of Health National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy. 52. Washington State Twin Registry, Health Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA. 53. Genetic Epidemiology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. 54. Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 55. Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 56. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 57. Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden. 58. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom. 59. Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 60. School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. 61. Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 62. Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. 63. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. 64. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. 65. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 66. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 67. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 68. Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. 69. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 70. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 71. Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. 72. Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary. 73. Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 74. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium. 75. Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 76. Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics and Psychiatry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. 77. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. 78. Section on Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark. 79. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and. 80. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs). Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs). Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
Authors: Virginia A Hughes; Ronenn Roubenoff; Michael Wood; Walter R Frontera; William J Evans; Maria A Fiatarone Singh Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2004-08 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Karri Silventoinen; Aline Jelenkovic; Reijo Sund; Chika Honda; Sari Aaltonen; Yoshie Yokoyama; Adam D Tarnoki; David L Tarnoki; Feng Ning; Fuling Ji; Zengchang Pang; Juan R Ordoñana; Juan F Sánchez-Romera; Lucia Colodro-Conde; S Alexandra Burt; Kelly L Klump; Sarah E Medland; Grant W Montgomery; Christian Kandler; Tom A McAdams; Thalia C Eley; Alice M Gregory; Kimberly J Saudino; Lise Dubois; Michel Boivin; Claire M A Haworth; Robert Plomin; Sevgi Y Öncel; Fazil Aliev; Maria A Stazi; Corrado Fagnani; Cristina D'Ippolito; Jeffrey M Craig; Richard Saffery; Sisira H Siribaddana; Matthew Hotopf; Athula Sumathipala; Timothy Spector; Massimo Mangino; Genevieve Lachance; Margaret Gatz; David A Butler; Gombojav Bayasgalan; Danshiitsoodol Narandalai; Duarte L Freitas; José Antonio Maia; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob; Kaare Christensen; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten O Kyvik; Changhee Hong; Youngsook Chong; Catherine A Derom; Robert F Vlietinck; Ruth J F Loos; Wendy Cozen; Amie E Hwang; Thomas M Mack; Mingguang He; Xiaohu Ding; Billy Chang; Judy L Silberg; Lindon J Eaves; Hermine H Maes; Tessa L Cutler; John L Hopper; Kelly Aujard; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nancy L Pedersen; Anna K Dahl Aslan; Yun-Mi Song; Sarah Yang; Kayoung Lee; Laura A Baker; Catherine Tuvblad; Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen; Henning Beck-Nielsen; Morten Sodemann; Kauko Heikkilä; Qihua Tan; Dongfeng Zhang; Gary E Swan; Ruth Krasnow; Kerry L Jang; Ariel Knafo-Noam; David Mankuta; Lior Abramson; Paul Lichtenstein; Robert F Krueger; Matt McGue; Shandell Pahlen; Per Tynelius; Glen E Duncan; Dedra Buchwald; Robin P Corley; Brooke M Huibregtse; Tracy L Nelson; Keith E Whitfield; Carol E Franz; William S Kremen; Michael J Lyons; Syuichi Ooki; Ingunn Brandt; Thomas Sevenius Nilsen; Fujio Inui; Mikio Watanabe; Meike Bartels; Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt; Jane Wardle; Clare H Llewellyn; Abigail Fisher; Esther Rebato; Nicholas G Martin; Yoshinori Iwatani; Kazuo Hayakawa; Finn Rasmussen; Joohon Sung; Jennifer R Harris; Gonneke Willemsen; Andreas Busjahn; Jack H Goldberg; Dorret I Boomsma; Yoon-Mi Hur; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jaakko Kaprio Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2015-05-27 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Teresa A Ajslev; Lars Angquist; Karri Silventoinen; Michael Gamborg; David B Allison; Jennifer L Baker; Thorkild I A Sørensen Journal: Front Genet Date: 2012-07-18 Impact factor: 4.599
Authors: Benjamin Rokholm; Karri Silventoinen; Lars Ängquist; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten Ohm Kyvik; Thorkild I A Sørensen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-06-29 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Cathy E Elks; Marcel den Hoed; Jing Hua Zhao; Stephen J Sharp; Nicholas J Wareham; Ruth J F Loos; Ken K Ong Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2012-02-28 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Aline Jelenkovic; Yoshie Yokoyama; Reijo Sund; Chika Honda; Leonie H Bogl; Sari Aaltonen; Fuling Ji; Feng Ning; Zengchang Pang; Juan R Ordoñana; Juan F Sánchez-Romera; Lucia Colodro-Conde; S Alexandra Burt; Kelly L Klump; Sarah E Medland; Grant W Montgomery; Christian Kandler; Tom A McAdams; Thalia C Eley; Alice M Gregory; Kimberly J Saudino; Lise Dubois; Michel Boivin; Adam D Tarnoki; David L Tarnoki; Claire M A Haworth; Robert Plomin; Sevgi Y Öncel; Fazil Aliev; Maria A Stazi; Corrado Fagnani; Cristina D'Ippolito; Jeffrey M Craig; Richard Saffery; Sisira H Siribaddana; Matthew Hotopf; Athula Sumathipala; Fruhling Rijsdijk; Timothy Spector; Massimo Mangino; Genevieve Lachance; Margaret Gatz; David A Butler; Gombojav Bayasgalan; Danshiitsoodol Narandalai; Duarte L Freitas; José Antonio Maia; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob; Bia Kim; Youngsook Chong; Changhee Hong; Hyun Jung Shin; Kaare Christensen; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten O Kyvik; Catherine A Derom; Robert F Vlietinck; Ruth J F Loos; Wendy Cozen; Amie E Hwang; Thomas M Mack; Mingguang He; Xiaohu Ding; Billy Chang; Judy L Silberg; Lindon J Eaves; Hermine H Maes; Tessa L Cutler; John L Hopper; Kelly Aujard; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nancy L Pedersen; Anna K Dahl Aslan; Yun-Mi Song; Sarah Yang; Kayoung Lee; Laura A Baker; Catherine Tuvblad; Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen; Henning Beck-Nielsen; Morten Sodemann; Kauko Heikkilä; Qihua Tan; Dongfeng Zhang; Gary E Swan; Ruth Krasnow; Kerry L Jang; Ariel Knafo-Noam; David Mankuta; Lior Abramson; Paul Lichtenstein; Robert F Krueger; Matt McGue; Shandell Pahlen; Per Tynelius; Glen E Duncan; Dedra Buchwald; Robin P Corley; Brooke M Huibregtse; Tracy L Nelson; Keith E Whitfield; Carol E Franz; William S Kremen; Michael J Lyons; Syuichi Ooki; Ingunn Brandt; Thomas Sevenius Nilsen; Fujio Inui; Mikio Watanabe; Meike Bartels; Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt; Jane Wardle; Clare H Llewellyn; Abigail Fisher; Esther Rebato; Nicholas G Martin; Yoshinori Iwatani; Kazuo Hayakawa; Joohon Sung; Jennifer R Harris; Gonneke Willemsen; Andreas Busjahn; Jack H Goldberg; Finn Rasmussen; Yoon-Mi Hur; Dorret I Boomsma; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jaakko Kaprio; Karri Silventoinen Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2015-09-04 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: H Konttinen; C Llewellyn; K Silventoinen; A Joensuu; S Männistö; V Salomaa; P Jousilahti; J Kaprio; M Perola; A Haukkala Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-11-21 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: K Silventoinen; A Jelenkovic; Y Yokoyama; R Sund; M Sugawara; M Tanaka; S Matsumoto; L H Bogl; D L Freitas; J A Maia; J V B Hjelmborg; S Aaltonen; M Piirtola; A Latvala; L Calais-Ferreira; V C Oliveira; P H Ferreira; F Ji; F Ning; Z Pang; J R Ordoñana; J F Sánchez-Romera; L Colodro-Conde; S A Burt; K L Klump; N G Martin; S E Medland; G W Montgomery; C Kandler; T A McAdams; T C Eley; A M Gregory; K J Saudino; L Dubois; M Boivin; M Brendgen; G Dionne; F Vitaro; A D Tarnoki; D L Tarnoki; C M A Haworth; R Plomin; S Y Öncel; F Aliev; E Medda; L Nisticò; V Toccaceli; J M Craig; R Saffery; S H Siribaddana; M Hotopf; A Sumathipala; F Rijsdijk; H-U Jeong; T Spector; M Mangino; G Lachance; M Gatz; D A Butler; W Gao; C Yu; L Li; G Bayasgalan; D Narandalai; K P Harden; E M Tucker-Drob; K Christensen; A Skytthe; K O Kyvik; C A Derom; R F Vlietinck; R J F Loos; W Cozen; A E Hwang; T M Mack; M He; X Ding; J L Silberg; H H Maes; T L Cutler; J L Hopper; P K E Magnusson; N L Pedersen; A K Dahl Aslan; L A Baker; C Tuvblad; M Bjerregaard-Andersen; H Beck-Nielsen; M Sodemann; V Ullemar; C Almqvist; Q Tan; D Zhang; G E Swan; R Krasnow; K L Jang; A Knafo-Noam; D Mankuta; L Abramson; P Lichtenstein; R F Krueger; M McGue; S Pahlen; P Tynelius; F Rasmussen; G E Duncan; D Buchwald; R P Corley; B M Huibregtse; T L Nelson; K E Whitfield; C E Franz; W S Kremen; M J Lyons; S Ooki; I Brandt; T S Nilsen; J R Harris; J Sung; H A Park; J Lee; S J Lee; G Willemsen; M Bartels; C E M van Beijsterveldt; C H Llewellyn; A Fisher; E Rebato; A Busjahn; R Tomizawa; F Inui; M Watanabe; C Honda; N Sakai; Y-M Hur; T I A Sørensen; D I Boomsma; J Kaprio Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2019-07-31 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Steven R H Beach; Mei Ling Ong; Man-Kit Lei; Eric Klopack; Sierra E Carter; Ronald L Simons; Frederick X Gibbons; Justin A Lavner; Robert A Philibert; Kaixiong Ye Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2021-08