Xian-Zhen Liao1, Ju-Fang Shi2, Jing-Shi Liu1, Hui-Yao Huang2, Lan-Wei Guo3, Xin-Yu Zhu2,4, Hai-Fan Xiao1, Le Wang2, Ya-Na Bai4, Guo-Xiang Liu5, A-Yan Mao6, Jian-Song Ren2, Xiao-Jie Sun7, Ling Mai3, Yu-Qin Liu8, Bing-Bing Song9, Ji-Yong Gong10, Jin-Yi Zhou11, Ling-Bing Du12, Qi Zhou13, Rong Cao14, Lin Zhu15, Ying Ren16, Pei-An Lou17, Li Lan18, Xiao-Hua Sun19, Xiao Qi20, Yuan-Zheng Wang21, Kai Zhang2, Jie He2, Min Dai2. 1. Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China. 2. National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 3. The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. 4. Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. 5. Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 6. Institute of Medical Information, CAMS, Beijing, China. 7. Shandong University, Jinan, China. 8. Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China. 9. Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 10. Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, China. 11. Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China. 12. Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China. 13. Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China. 14. Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China. 15. Teaching and Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China. 16. Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling, China. 17. Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China. 18. Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China. 19. Ningbo NO.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China. 20. Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China. 21. Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China.
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to assess economic burden of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment in China through a multicenter cross-sectional study, and to obtain theoretical evidence for policy-making. METHODS: This survey was conducted in 37 hospital centers across 13 provinces in China from September 2012 to December 2014. We collected information on the subject characteristics. We then assessed the medical and non-medical expenditure for BC diagnosis and treatment, factors influencing the average case expense, variations between medical and non-medical expenditure at different clinical stages, economic impact of overall expenditure in newly diagnosed course after reimbursement to the patient's family, composition of non-medical expenditure and time loss for the patient and family. RESULTS: Among 2746 women with BC (72.6% were admitted to specialized hospitals), the overall average expenditure was US $8450 (medical expenditure: $7527; non-medical expenditure: $922). Significant differences were found among the overall expenditure in the four clinical stages (P < 0.0001); the expenditure was higher in stages III and IV than that in stages I and II, whereas the stage IV was the highest (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a higher self-reported predicted reimbursement ratio was associated with a less economic impact on the patient's family, and the average time lost was estimated as $1529. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and treatment of breast cancer might be effective for decreasing the economic burden, because costs escalate as the degree of malignancy increases.
AIM: We aimed to assess economic burden of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment in China through a multicenter cross-sectional study, and to obtain theoretical evidence for policy-making. METHODS: This survey was conducted in 37 hospital centers across 13 provinces in China from September 2012 to December 2014. We collected information on the subject characteristics. We then assessed the medical and non-medical expenditure for BC diagnosis and treatment, factors influencing the average case expense, variations between medical and non-medical expenditure at different clinical stages, economic impact of overall expenditure in newly diagnosed course after reimbursement to the patient's family, composition of non-medical expenditure and time loss for the patient and family. RESULTS: Among 2746 women with BC (72.6% were admitted to specialized hospitals), the overall average expenditure was US $8450 (medical expenditure: $7527; non-medical expenditure: $922). Significant differences were found among the overall expenditure in the four clinical stages (P < 0.0001); the expenditure was higher in stages III and IV than that in stages I and II, whereas the stage IV was the highest (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a higher self-reported predicted reimbursement ratio was associated with a less economic impact on the patient's family, and the average time lost was estimated as $1529. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and treatment of breast cancer might be effective for decreasing the economic burden, because costs escalate as the degree of malignancy increases.
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