Muhammad Bayu Sasongko1, Felicia Widyaputri2, Angela Nurini Agni2, Firman Setya Wardhana2, Satyaprabha Kotha3, Prateek Gupta3, Tri Wahyu Widayanti2, Supanji Haryanto2, Rifa Widyaningrum2, Tien Yin Wong4, Ryo Kawasaki5, Jie Jin Wang6. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: mb.sasongko@ugm.ac.id. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 3. Hellen Keller International, Jakarta, Indonesia. 4. Singapore National Eye Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore. 5. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan. 6. Duke-NUS Graduate School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and DR-related blindness in an Indonesian population with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community health centers. STUDY POPULATION: We recruited 1184 people aged older than 30 years with type 2 diabetes residing in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. Multistage, clustered random sampling based on regencies and districts in Jogjakarta was used. OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: Detailed interviews, general and eye examinations, and anthropometric measurement were performed. Disc- and macula-centered retinal photographs were taken to assess DR. The definition of DR followed a modified Airlie House classification system and was categorized into mild, moderate, and vision-threatening DR (VTDR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence and severity of DR. RESULTS: The median (range) age and diabetes duration of participants was 59 (52-65) and 4 (2-9) years. The prevalence of DR was 43.1% (95% confidence interval 39.6%-46.6%), with mild, moderate, and severe NPDR and PDR to be 9.41%, 7.46%, 11.1%, and 12.1%, respectively. The prevalence of VTDR was 26.3% (23.1%-29.5%). Longer diabetes duration, higher fasting glucose, presence of hypertension, and foot ulcers were associated with DR and VTDR. The prevalence of bilateral blindness was 4% and 7.7% in persons with DR and VTDR. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a high prevalence of any DR and VTDR among Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes in urban and rural areas: approximately 1 in 4 adults with diabetes had VTDR and 1 in 12 of those with VTDR was bilaterally blind, suggesting the need for appropriate screening and management of DR among the Indonesian population.
PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and DR-related blindness in an Indonesian population with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community health centers. STUDY POPULATION: We recruited 1184 people aged older than 30 years with type 2 diabetes residing in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. Multistage, clustered random sampling based on regencies and districts in Jogjakarta was used. OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: Detailed interviews, general and eye examinations, and anthropometric measurement were performed. Disc- and macula-centered retinal photographs were taken to assess DR. The definition of DR followed a modified Airlie House classification system and was categorized into mild, moderate, and vision-threatening DR (VTDR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence and severity of DR. RESULTS: The median (range) age and diabetes duration of participants was 59 (52-65) and 4 (2-9) years. The prevalence of DR was 43.1% (95% confidence interval 39.6%-46.6%), with mild, moderate, and severe NPDR and PDR to be 9.41%, 7.46%, 11.1%, and 12.1%, respectively. The prevalence of VTDR was 26.3% (23.1%-29.5%). Longer diabetes duration, higher fasting glucose, presence of hypertension, and foot ulcers were associated with DR and VTDR. The prevalence of bilateral blindness was 4% and 7.7% in persons with DR and VTDR. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a high prevalence of any DR and VTDR among Indonesian adults with type 2 diabetes in urban and rural areas: approximately 1 in 4 adults with diabetes had VTDR and 1 in 12 of those with VTDR was bilaterally blind, suggesting the need for appropriate screening and management of DR among the Indonesian population.
Authors: Deborah Conte Santos; Laura Gomes Nunes de Melo; Marcela Haas Pizarro; Bianca S V Barros; Carlos Antonio Negrato; Luís Cristóvão Porto; Dayse A Silva; Karla Rezende Guerra Drummond; Luiza Harcar Muniz; Tessa Cerqueria Lemos Mattos; André Araújo Pinheiro; Felipe Mallmann; Franz Schubert Lopes Leal; Fernando Korn Malerbi; Paulo Henrique Morales; Marília Brito Gomes Journal: Acta Diabetol Date: 2020-03-03 Impact factor: 4.280
Authors: Rova Virgana; Nur Atik; Julia Windi Gunadi; Evelyn Jonathan; Dona Erisa Ramadhani; Ray Sebastian Soetadji; Hanna Goenawan; Ronny Lesmana; Arief Kartasasmita Journal: Life (Basel) Date: 2022-07-15