Rajat Dhar1, Hemant Misra2, Michael N Diringer3. 1. Department of Neurology (Division of Neurocritical Care), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. dharr@neuro.wustl.edu. 2. Prolong Pharmaceuticals, 300 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, 07080, USA. 3. Department of Neurology (Division of Neurocritical Care), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been linked to focal reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and microvascular impairments in oxygen delivery. Effective therapies that restore flow and oxygen transport to vulnerable brain regions are currently lacking. SANGUINATE is a dual-action carbon monoxide-releasing and hemoglobin-based oxygen transfer agent with efficacy in animal models of focal brain ischemia and tolerability in patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS: We performed a safety and proof-of-principle study in 12 SAH patients at risk of DCI across three escalating doses (160, 240, and 320 mg/kg). We used 15O-PET (performed at baseline, after SANGUINATE and at 24 h) to evaluate efficacy for improving CBF and restoring flow-metabolism balance (assessed by oxygen extraction fraction [OEF]) to vulnerable regions (defined as baseline OEF ≥ 0.50). RESULTS: SANGUINATE resulted in a transient rise in mean arterial pressure (116 ± 15-127 ± 13 mm Hg, p = 0.001) that normalized by 24 h and allowed three patients with DCI to be weaned off vasopressors. No adverse events were noted during infusion. Global CBF did not rise (43 ± 8-46 ± 9 ml/100 g/min) although a trend was seen at the highest dose (45 ± 7-51 ± 9, p = 0.044). However, a significant 16% rise in regional CBF associated with reduction in OEF was seen in vulnerable regions, but did not persist at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that this novel agent can improve regional CBF and may improve oxygen supply-demand balance. Clinical studies (likely with repeat dosing) are required to evaluate whether this effect can prevent DCI or cerebral infarction.
BACKGROUND:Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been linked to focal reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and microvascular impairments in oxygen delivery. Effective therapies that restore flow and oxygen transport to vulnerable brain regions are currently lacking. SANGUINATE is a dual-action carbon monoxide-releasing and hemoglobin-based oxygen transfer agent with efficacy in animal models of focal brain ischemia and tolerability in patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS: We performed a safety and proof-of-principle study in 12 SAHpatients at risk of DCI across three escalating doses (160, 240, and 320 mg/kg). We used 15O-PET (performed at baseline, after SANGUINATE and at 24 h) to evaluate efficacy for improving CBF and restoring flow-metabolism balance (assessed by oxygen extraction fraction [OEF]) to vulnerable regions (defined as baseline OEF ≥ 0.50). RESULTS:SANGUINATE resulted in a transient rise in mean arterial pressure (116 ± 15-127 ± 13 mm Hg, p = 0.001) that normalized by 24 h and allowed three patients with DCI to be weaned off vasopressors. No adverse events were noted during infusion. Global CBF did not rise (43 ± 8-46 ± 9 ml/100 g/min) although a trend was seen at the highest dose (45 ± 7-51 ± 9, p = 0.044). However, a significant 16% rise in regional CBF associated with reduction in OEF was seen in vulnerable regions, but did not persist at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that this novel agent can improve regional CBF and may improve oxygen supply-demand balance. Clinical studies (likely with repeat dosing) are required to evaluate whether this effect can prevent DCI or cerebral infarction.
Authors: Rajat Dhar; Michael T Scalfani; Spiros Blackburn; Allyson R Zazulia; Tom Videen; Michael Diringer Journal: Stroke Date: 2012-04-05 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Joshua Levine; Andrew Kofke; Liyi Cen; Zhen Chen; Jennifer Faerber; J Paul Elliott; H Richard Winn; Peter Le Roux Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 4.654
Authors: Hemant Misra; James Bainbridge; John Berryman; Abraham Abuchowski; Kenneth Mauricio Galvez; Luis Fernando Uribe; Angel Luis Hernandez; Nestor Rodolfo Sosa Journal: Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter Date: 2016-10-20
Authors: Caterina Di Pietro; Hasan H Öz; Ping-Xia Zhang; Ee-Chun Cheng; Valentino Martis; Tracey L Bonfield; Thomas J Kelley; Ronald Jubin; Abraham Abuchowski; Diane S Krause; Marie E Egan; Thomas S Murray; Emanuela M Bruscia Journal: Exp Mol Med Date: 2022-05-17 Impact factor: 12.153