Kazumi Kawase1, Kyoko Nomura2, Ryuji Tominaga3, Hirotaka Iwase4, Tomoko Ogawa5, Ikuko Shibasaki6, Mitsuo Shimada7, Tomoaki Taguchi8, Emiko Takeshita9, Yasuko Tomizawa10, Sachiyo Nomura11, Kazuhiro Hanazaki12, Tomoko Hanashi13, Hiroko Yamashita14, Norihiro Kokudo15, Kotaro Maeda16. 1. Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan. kazumi@jikei.ac.jp. 2. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan. 3. Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, 2-2-75 Wajirogaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan. 4. Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. 5. Department of Breast Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. 6. Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. 7. Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. 8. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. 9. Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8585, Japan. 10. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. 11. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. 12. Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okocho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan. 13. Department of Surgery, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan. 14. Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan. 15. Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. 16. Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Denngakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the working styles of men and women working as surgeons in Japan. METHODS: In July, 2014, the Japan Surgical Society invited all their members (n = 29,861), through an internet campaign, to participate in a nationwide survey of surgeons. The items investigated in this descriptive study included demographic information and working styles, based on a questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 6211 surgeons participated (response rate 20.8%, 5586 men and 625 women). The largest age stratum was 40-49 years for men and 30-39 years for women. Overall, respondents identified their labor contract, including salary and work hours, as the highest priority for improvement. Women with children were more likely to be part-time employees, work fewer hours, and take fewer house calls/on-calls than their male counterparts. Moreover, women of all ages earned a lower annual income than men, irrespective of whether they had children. Perception scores for discrimination related to work and promotion were significantly higher among women than men (p < 0.01 and p = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference in working style was observed between men and women working as surgeons in Japan.
PURPOSE: To assess the working styles of men and women working as surgeons in Japan. METHODS: In July, 2014, the Japan Surgical Society invited all their members (n = 29,861), through an internet campaign, to participate in a nationwide survey of surgeons. The items investigated in this descriptive study included demographic information and working styles, based on a questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 6211 surgeons participated (response rate 20.8%, 5586 men and 625 women). The largest age stratum was 40-49 years for men and 30-39 years for women. Overall, respondents identified their labor contract, including salary and work hours, as the highest priority for improvement. Women with children were more likely to be part-time employees, work fewer hours, and take fewer house calls/on-calls than their male counterparts. Moreover, women of all ages earned a lower annual income than men, irrespective of whether they had children. Perception scores for discrimination related to work and promotion were significantly higher among women than men (p < 0.01 and p = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference in working style was observed between men and women working as surgeons in Japan.
Entities:
Keywords:
Women working as surgeons; Working style
Authors: Amalia Cochran; Tricia Hauschild; William B Elder; Leigh A Neumayer; Karen J Brasel; Marie L Crandall Journal: Am J Surg Date: 2013-02-12 Impact factor: 2.565
Authors: Giulia Marcelino Mainardi; Alex J Flores Cassenote; Aline G Alves Guilloux; Bruno A Miotto; Mario Cesar Scheffer Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-05-01 Impact factor: 2.692