Karoline B Kuchenbaecker1, John L Hopper2, Daniel R Barnes3, Kelly-Anne Phillips4, Thea M Mooij5, Marie-José Roos-Blom6, Sarah Jervis7, Flora E van Leeuwen5, Roger L Milne8, Nadine Andrieu9, David E Goldgar10, Mary Beth Terry11, Matti A Rookus5, Douglas F Easton3, Antonis C Antoniou3, Lesley McGuffog3, D Gareth Evans12, Daniel Barrowdale3, Debra Frost3, Julian Adlard13, Kai-Ren Ong14, Louise Izatt15, Marc Tischkowitz16, Ros Eeles17, Rosemarie Davidson18, Shirley Hodgson19, Steve Ellis3, Catherine Nogues20, Christine Lasset21, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet22, Jean-Pierre Fricker23, Laurence Faivre24, Pascaline Berthet25, Maartje J Hooning26, Lizet E van der Kolk27, Carolien M Kets28, Muriel A Adank29, Esther M John30, Wendy K Chung31, Irene L Andrulis32, Melissa Southey33, Mary B Daly34, Saundra S Buys35, Ana Osorio36, Christoph Engel37, Karin Kast38, Rita K Schmutzler39, Trinidad Caldes40, Anna Jakubowska41, Jacques Simard42, Michael L Friedlander43, Sue-Anne McLachlan44, Eva Machackova45, Lenka Foretova45, Yen Y Tan46, Christian F Singer47, Edith Olah48, Anne-Marie Gerdes49, Brita Arver50, Håkan Olsson51. 1. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England2Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England. 2. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 3. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. 4. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia4Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia5Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia6Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands8Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 7. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England9Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, England. 8. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia10Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. 9. Inserm U900, Paris, France12Institut Curie, Paris, France13Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France14PSL Research University, Paris, France. 10. Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. 11. Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York. 12. Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, Manchester University, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England. 13. Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, England. 14. West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, England. 15. Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England. 16. Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. 17. Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, England. 18. Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, Scotland. 19. Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's, University of London, London, England. 20. Oncogénétique Clinique, Hôpital René Huguenin/Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France. 21. Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. 22. Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France28Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France29Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 23. Unité d'Oncogénétique, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France. 24. Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France32Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France. 25. Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France. 26. Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 27. Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 28. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 29. Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 30. Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont. 31. Departments of Pedicatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York. 32. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada41Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 33. Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 34. Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 35. Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah. 36. Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain46Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. 37. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany48LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 38. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany50National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany51German Cancer Consortium, Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. 39. Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 40. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. 41. Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. 42. Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada. 43. Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia57Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia. 44. Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia58Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia. 45. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. 46. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria61QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia. 47. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 48. Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. 49. Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 50. Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 51. Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Abstract
Importance: The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers requires accurate, prospective cancer risk estimates. Objectives: To estimate age-specific risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for mutation carriers and to evaluate risk modification by family cancer history and mutation location. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study of 6036 BRCA1 and 3820 BRCA2 female carriers (5046 unaffected and 4810 with breast or ovarian cancer or both at baseline) recruited in 1997-2011 through the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study, the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, with ascertainment through family clinics (94%) and population-based studies (6%). The majority were from large national studies in the United Kingdom (EMBRACE), the Netherlands (HEBON), and France (GENEPSO). Follow-up ended December 2013; median follow-up was 5 years. Exposures: BRCA1/2 mutations, family cancer history, and mutation location. Main Outcomes and Measures: Annual incidences, standardized incidence ratios, and cumulative risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer. Results: Among 3886 women (median age, 38 years; interquartile range [IQR], 30-46 years) eligible for the breast cancer analysis, 5066 women (median age, 38 years; IQR, 31-47 years) eligible for the ovarian cancer analysis, and 2213 women (median age, 47 years; IQR, 40-55 years) eligible for the contralateral breast cancer analysis, 426 were diagnosed with breast cancer, 109 with ovarian cancer, and 245 with contralateral breast cancer during follow-up. The cumulative breast cancer risk to age 80 years was 72% (95% CI, 65%-79%) for BRCA1 and 69% (95% CI, 61%-77%) for BRCA2 carriers. Breast cancer incidences increased rapidly in early adulthood until ages 30 to 40 years for BRCA1 and until ages 40 to 50 years for BRCA2 carriers, then remained at a similar, constant incidence (20-30 per 1000 person-years) until age 80 years. The cumulative ovarian cancer risk to age 80 years was 44% (95% CI, 36%-53%) for BRCA1 and 17% (95% CI, 11%-25%) for BRCA2 carriers. For contralateral breast cancer, the cumulative risk 20 years after breast cancer diagnosis was 40% (95% CI, 35%-45%) for BRCA1 and 26% (95% CI, 20%-33%) for BRCA2 carriers (hazard ratio [HR] for comparing BRCA2 vs BRCA1, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.82; P=.001 for difference). Breast cancer risk increased with increasing number of first- and second-degree relatives diagnosed as having breast cancer for both BRCA1 (HR for ≥2 vs 0 affected relatives, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41-2.82; P<.001 for trend) and BRCA2 carriers (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.37; P=.02 for trend). Breast cancer risk was higher if mutations were located outside vs within the regions bounded by positions c.2282-c.4071 in BRCA1 (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.93; P=.007) and c.2831-c.6401 in BRCA2 (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.74; P<.001). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings provide estimates of cancer risk based on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carrier status using prospective data collection and demonstrate the potential importance of family history and mutation location in risk assessment.
Importance: The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers requires accurate, prospective cancer risk estimates. Objectives: To estimate age-specific risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for mutation carriers and to evaluate risk modification by family cancer history and mutation location. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study of 6036 BRCA1 and 3820 BRCA2 female carriers (5046 unaffected and 4810 with breast or ovarian cancer or both at baseline) recruited in 1997-2011 through the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study, the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, with ascertainment through family clinics (94%) and population-based studies (6%). The majority were from large national studies in the United Kingdom (EMBRACE), the Netherlands (HEBON), and France (GENEPSO). Follow-up ended December 2013; median follow-up was 5 years. Exposures: BRCA1/2 mutations, family cancer history, and mutation location. Main Outcomes and Measures: Annual incidences, standardized incidence ratios, and cumulative risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer. Results: Among 3886 women (median age, 38 years; interquartile range [IQR], 30-46 years) eligible for the breast cancer analysis, 5066 women (median age, 38 years; IQR, 31-47 years) eligible for the ovarian cancer analysis, and 2213 women (median age, 47 years; IQR, 40-55 years) eligible for the contralateral breast cancer analysis, 426 were diagnosed with breast cancer, 109 with ovarian cancer, and 245 with contralateral breast cancer during follow-up. The cumulative breast cancer risk to age 80 years was 72% (95% CI, 65%-79%) for BRCA1 and 69% (95% CI, 61%-77%) for BRCA2 carriers. Breast cancer incidences increased rapidly in early adulthood until ages 30 to 40 years for BRCA1 and until ages 40 to 50 years for BRCA2 carriers, then remained at a similar, constant incidence (20-30 per 1000 person-years) until age 80 years. The cumulative ovarian cancer risk to age 80 years was 44% (95% CI, 36%-53%) for BRCA1 and 17% (95% CI, 11%-25%) for BRCA2 carriers. For contralateral breast cancer, the cumulative risk 20 years after breast cancer diagnosis was 40% (95% CI, 35%-45%) for BRCA1 and 26% (95% CI, 20%-33%) for BRCA2 carriers (hazard ratio [HR] for comparing BRCA2 vs BRCA1, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.82; P=.001 for difference). Breast cancer risk increased with increasing number of first- and second-degree relatives diagnosed as having breast cancer for both BRCA1 (HR for ≥2 vs 0 affected relatives, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41-2.82; P<.001 for trend) and BRCA2 carriers (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.37; P=.02 for trend). Breast cancer risk was higher if mutations were located outside vs within the regions bounded by positions c.2282-c.4071 in BRCA1 (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.93; P=.007) and c.2831-c.6401 in BRCA2 (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.74; P<.001). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings provide estimates of cancer risk based on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carrier status using prospective data collection and demonstrate the potential importance of family history and mutation location in risk assessment.
Authors: Anne S Reiner; Julia Sisti; Esther M John; Charles F Lynch; Jennifer D Brooks; Lene Mellemkjær; John D Boice; Julia A Knight; Patrick Concannon; Marinela Capanu; Marc Tischkowitz; Mark Robson; Xiaolin Liang; Meghan Woods; David V Conti; David Duggan; Roy Shore; Daniel O Stram; Duncan C Thomas; Kathleen E Malone; Leslie Bernstein; Jonine L Bernstein Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2018-04-05 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Babatunde Adedokun; Yonglan Zheng; Paul Ndom; Antony Gakwaya; Timothy Makumbi; Alicia Y Zhou; Toshio F Yoshimatsu; Alex Rodriguez; Ravi K Madduri; Ian T Foster; Aminah Sallam; Olufunmilayo I Olopade; Dezheng Huo Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2019-12-23 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: James Yarmolinsky; Caroline J Bull; Emma E Vincent; Jamie Robinson; Axel Walther; George Davey Smith; Sarah J Lewis; Caroline L Relton; Richard M Martin Journal: JAMA Date: 2020-02-18 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Maija Reblin; Monica L Kasting; Kelli Nam; Courtney L Scherr; Jongphil Kim; Ram Thapa; Cathy D Meade; M Catherine Lee; Tuya Pal; Gwendolyn P Quinn; Susan T Vadaparampil Journal: Breast J Date: 2018-11-28 Impact factor: 2.431
Authors: Talayeh S Ghezelayagh; Lauren E Stewart; Barbara M Norquist; Deborah J Bowen; Vivian Yu; Kathy J Agnew; Kathryn P Pennington; Elizabeth M Swisher Journal: Fam Cancer Date: 2020-02-24 Impact factor: 2.375