Insights into the function of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic cattle.

The n-3 PUFAs have many beneficial effects on human health, including roles in immunity, neurodevelopment, and preventing cardiovascular disease. In this study, we established reliable model fat-1 transgenic cattle using transgenic technology and performed a systematic investigation to examine the function of n-3 PUFAs. Our results showed that expression of the fat-1 gene improved several biochemical parameters related to liver function and to plasma glucose and plasma lipid metabolism. Results of global gene and plasma protein expression analysis showed that 310 genes and 13 plasma proteins differed significantly in the blood of fat-1 transgenic cattle compared with WT cattle, reflecting their regulatory roles in the immune and cardiovascular systems. Finally, changes in the gut microflora were also noted in the fat-1 transgenic cattle, suggesting novel roles for n-3 PUFAs in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, as well as anti-stress properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using multiple parallel analyses to investigate the role of n-3 PUFAs using models such as fat-1 transgenic cattle. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of fat-1 in the immune and cardiovascular systems, as well as its anti-stress role.