Paul C Mayor1, Kevin H Eng2, Kelly L Singel3, Scott I Abrams3, Kunle Odunsi4, Kirsten B Moysich5, Ramsay Fuleihan6, Elizabeth Garabedian7, Patricia Lugar8, Hans D Ochs9, Francisco A Bonilla10, Rebecca H Buckley8, Kathleen E Sullivan11, Zuhair K Ballas12, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles13, Brahm H Segal14. 1. Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. 2. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. 3. Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. 4. Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY. 6. Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. 7. National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md. 8. Duke University Health System, Durham, NC. 9. University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash. 10. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. 11. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. 12. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa. 13. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. 14. Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY. Electronic address: Brahm.Segal@RoswellPark.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the overall and site-specific incidence of cancer in subjects with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) enrolled in the United States Immune Deficiency Network (USIDNET) registry compared with age-adjusted cancer incidence in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) database. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that subjects with PIDD would have an increased incidence of cancer due to impaired immune function. METHODS: Overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates were evaluated in subjects with PIDD (n = 3658) enrolled in the USIDNET registry from 2003 to 2015 and compared with age-adjusted incidence rates in the SEER database. RESULTS: We observed a 1.42-fold excess relative risk of cancer in subjects with PIDD compared with the age-adjusted SEER population (P < .001). Men with PIDD had a 1.91-fold excess relative risk of cancer compared with the age-adjusted male population (P < .001), while women with PIDD had similar overall cancer rates compared with the age-adjusted female population. Of the 4 most common malignancies in men and women in SEER (lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers), we found no significant increase in these diagnoses in subjects with PIDD. Significant increases in lymphoma in both men (10-fold increase, P < .001) and women (8.34-fold increase, P < .001) with PIDD were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Excess incidence of cancer occurred in subjects with PIDD. An excess of lymphoma in specific PIDD populations principally drove this increased incidence, while no increased risk of the most common solid tumor malignancies was observed. These data point to a restricted role of the immune system in protecting from specific cancers.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the overall and site-specific incidence of cancer in subjects with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) enrolled in the United States Immune Deficiency Network (USIDNET) registry compared with age-adjusted cancer incidence in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) database. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that subjects with PIDD would have an increased incidence of cancer due to impaired immune function. METHODS: Overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates were evaluated in subjects with PIDD (n = 3658) enrolled in the USIDNET registry from 2003 to 2015 and compared with age-adjusted incidence rates in the SEER database. RESULTS: We observed a 1.42-fold excess relative risk of cancer in subjects with PIDD compared with the age-adjusted SEER population (P < .001). Men with PIDD had a 1.91-fold excess relative risk of cancer compared with the age-adjusted male population (P < .001), while women with PIDD had similar overall cancer rates compared with the age-adjusted female population. Of the 4 most common malignancies in men and women in SEER (lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers), we found no significant increase in these diagnoses in subjects with PIDD. Significant increases in lymphoma in both men (10-fold increase, P < .001) and women (8.34-fold increase, P < .001) with PIDD were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Excess incidence of cancer occurred in subjects with PIDD. An excess of lymphoma in specific PIDD populations principally drove this increased incidence, while no increased risk of the most common solid tumor malignancies was observed. These data point to a restricted role of the immune system in protecting from specific cancers.
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