Nils Opel1, Ronny Redlich1, Dominik Grotegerd1, Katharina Dohm1, Dario Zaremba1, Susanne Meinert1, Christian Bürger1, Leonie Plümpe1, Judith Alferink1, Walter Heindel1, Harald Kugel1, Peter Zwanzger1, Volker Arolt1, Udo Dannlowski1. 1. From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Redlich, Grotegerd, Dohm, Zaremba, Meinert, Bürger, Plümpe, Alferink, Arolt, Dannlowski); the Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Alferink); the Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Heindel, Kugel); the kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany (Zwanzger); the Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany (Zwanzger); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (Dannlowski).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Identifying reliable trait markers of familial risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a challenge in translational psychiatric research. In individuals with acute MDD, dysfunctional connectivity patterns of prefrontal areas have been shown repeatedly. However, it has been unclear in which neuronal networks functional alterations in individuals at familial risk for MDD might be present and to what extent they resemble findings previously reported in those with acute MDD. METHODS: We investigated differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to aversive stimuli between acute MDD and familial risk for the disorder in healthy first-degree relatives of acutely depressed patients with MDD (HC-FH+), healthy age- and sex-matched controls without any family history of depression (HC-FH-), and acutely depressed patients with MDD with (MDD-FH+) and without a family history of depression (MDD-FH-) during a frequently used emotional face-matching paradigm. Analyses of task-specific network connectivity were conducted in terms of psychophysiological interactions (PPI). RESULTS: The present analysis included a total of 100 participants: 25 HC-FH+, 25 HC-FH-, 25 MDD-FH+ and 25 MDD-FH-. Patients with MDD exhibited significantly increased activation in the medial OFC to negative stimuli irrespective of familial risk status, whereas healthy participants at familial risk and patients with MDD alike showed significant hypoactivation in the DLPFC compared with healthy participants without familial risk. The PPI analyses revealed significantly enhanced task-specific coupling between the medial OFC and differing cortical areas in individuals with acute MDD and those with familial risk for the disorder. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of our study is its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: Whereas hypoactivation during negative emotion processing in the DLPFC appears as a common feature in both healthy high-risk individuals and acutely depressed patients, activation patterns of the medial OFC and its underlying connectivity seem to distinguish familial risk from acute disorder.
BACKGROUND: Identifying reliable trait markers of familial risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a challenge in translational psychiatric research. In individuals with acute MDD, dysfunctional connectivity patterns of prefrontal areas have been shown repeatedly. However, it has been unclear in which neuronal networks functional alterations in individuals at familial risk for MDD might be present and to what extent they resemble findings previously reported in those with acute MDD. METHODS: We investigated differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to aversive stimuli between acute MDD and familial risk for the disorder in healthy first-degree relatives of acutely depressedpatients with MDD (HC-FH+), healthy age- and sex-matched controls without any family history of depression (HC-FH-), and acutely depressedpatients with MDD with (MDD-FH+) and without a family history of depression (MDD-FH-) during a frequently used emotional face-matching paradigm. Analyses of task-specific network connectivity were conducted in terms of psychophysiological interactions (PPI). RESULTS: The present analysis included a total of 100 participants: 25 HC-FH+, 25 HC-FH-, 25 MDD-FH+ and 25 MDD-FH-. Patients with MDD exhibited significantly increased activation in the medial OFC to negative stimuli irrespective of familial risk status, whereas healthy participants at familial risk and patients with MDD alike showed significant hypoactivation in the DLPFC compared with healthy participants without familial risk. The PPI analyses revealed significantly enhanced task-specific coupling between the medial OFC and differing cortical areas in individuals with acute MDD and those with familial risk for the disorder. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of our study is its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: Whereas hypoactivation during negative emotion processing in the DLPFC appears as a common feature in both healthy high-risk individuals and acutely depressedpatients, activation patterns of the medial OFC and its underlying connectivity seem to distinguish familial risk from acute disorder.
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