Louise J M Alferink1, Juliana Fittipaldi2, Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong3, Pavel Taimr1, Bettina E Hansen4, Herold J Metselaar1, Josje D Schoufour5, M Arfan Ikram6, Harry L A Janssen4, Oscar H Franco5, Sarwa Darwish Murad7. 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Liver Centre, Toronto Western & General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.darwishmurad@erasmusmc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Coffee and tea have been proposed to limit the progression of liver fibrosis in established liver disease, but it is unknown if this is also true for subclinical fibrosis. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether coffee and tea consumption are associated with liver stiffness in the general population. METHODS: The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective population-based cohort. We included participants who underwent transient elastography, ultrasound and completed a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee and tea consumption were categorized into no, moderate (>0-3), or frequent (⩾3) intake (cups/day), and tea further into green, black and herbal tea (no/any). Significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurements (LSM) ⩾8.0kPa. We performed regression analyses relating coffee and tea intake with fibrosis, steatosis and log-transformed LSM and adjusted for energy, sugar and creamer intake, age, gender, BMI, steatosis/LSM, HOMA-IR, ALT, alcohol, smoking, soda, healthy diet index and physical activity. RESULTS: We included 2,424 participants (age 66.5±7.4; 43% male) of whom 5.2% had LSM ⩾8.0kPa and 34.6% steatosis. Proportion of LSM ⩾8.0kPa decreased with higher coffee consumption (7.8%, 6.9% and 4.1% for no, moderate and frequent respectively; Ptrend=0.006). This inverse association was confirmed in multivariable regression (ORmod 0.75, 95% CI 0.33-1.67; ORfreq 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.86; p=0.005). Amongst tea consumers, only herbal tea consumers (36.3%) had lower log-transformed LSM after adjustment (Beta-0.05, 95% CI-0.08;-0.02, p=0.001). Subtypes of tea were associated with steatosis in univariate but not multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, frequent coffee and herbal tea consumption were inversely related with liver stiffness but not steatosis. Longitudinal analyses, as well as studies validating and unravelling underlying mechanisms are needed. LAY SUMMARY: The Rotterdam Study is a large ongoing population study of suburban inhabitants of Rotterdam in whom data on liver stiffness, as proxy for liver fibrosis, presence of fatty liver on ultrasound and detailed information on coffee and tea consumption were obtained in 2,424 participants. The consumption of herbal tea and daily consumption of three or more cups of coffee was related to the presence of lower liver stiffness, independent of a great number of other lifestyle and environmental factors. Previous studies have found a protective effect of coffee on established liver disease and we now show for the first time that this effect is already measurable in the general population.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Coffee and tea have been proposed to limit the progression of liver fibrosis in established liver disease, but it is unknown if this is also true for subclinical fibrosis. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether coffee and tea consumption are associated with liver stiffness in the general population. METHODS: The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective population-based cohort. We included participants who underwent transient elastography, ultrasound and completed a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee and tea consumption were categorized into no, moderate (>0-3), or frequent (⩾3) intake (cups/day), and tea further into green, black and herbal tea (no/any). Significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurements (LSM) ⩾8.0kPa. We performed regression analyses relating coffee and tea intake with fibrosis, steatosis and log-transformed LSM and adjusted for energy, sugar and creamer intake, age, gender, BMI, steatosis/LSM, HOMA-IR, ALT, alcohol, smoking, soda, healthy diet index and physical activity. RESULTS: We included 2,424 participants (age 66.5±7.4; 43% male) of whom 5.2% had LSM ⩾8.0kPa and 34.6% steatosis. Proportion of LSM ⩾8.0kPa decreased with higher coffee consumption (7.8%, 6.9% and 4.1% for no, moderate and frequent respectively; Ptrend=0.006). This inverse association was confirmed in multivariable regression (ORmod 0.75, 95% CI 0.33-1.67; ORfreq 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.86; p=0.005). Amongst tea consumers, only herbal tea consumers (36.3%) had lower log-transformed LSM after adjustment (Beta-0.05, 95% CI-0.08;-0.02, p=0.001). Subtypes of tea were associated with steatosis in univariate but not multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, frequent coffee and herbal tea consumption were inversely related with liver stiffness but not steatosis. Longitudinal analyses, as well as studies validating and unravelling underlying mechanisms are needed. LAY SUMMARY: The Rotterdam Study is a large ongoing population study of suburban inhabitants of Rotterdam in whom data on liver stiffness, as proxy for liver fibrosis, presence of fatty liver on ultrasound and detailed information on coffee and tea consumption were obtained in 2,424 participants. The consumption of herbal tea and daily consumption of three or more cups of coffee was related to the presence of lower liver stiffness, independent of a great number of other lifestyle and environmental factors. Previous studies have found a protective effect of coffee on established liver disease and we now show for the first time that this effect is already measurable in the general population.
Authors: M Arfan Ikram; Guy G O Brusselle; Sarwa Darwish Murad; Cornelia M van Duijn; Oscar H Franco; André Goedegebure; Caroline C W Klaver; Tamar E C Nijsten; Robin P Peeters; Bruno H Stricker; Henning Tiemeier; André G Uitterlinden; Meike W Vernooij; Albert Hofman Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2017-10-24 Impact factor: 8.082
Authors: Irma Karabegović; Eliana Portilla-Fernandez; Yang Li; Jiantao Ma; Silvana C E Maas; Daokun Sun; Emily A Hu; Brigitte Kühnel; Yan Zhang; Srikant Ambatipudi; Giovanni Fiorito; Jian Huang; Juan E Castillo-Fernandez; Kerri L Wiggins; Niek de Klein; Sara Grioni; Brenton R Swenson; Silvia Polidoro; Jorien L Treur; Cyrille Cuenin; Pei-Chien Tsai; Ricardo Costeira; Veronique Chajes; Kim Braun; Niek Verweij; Anja Kretschmer; Lude Franke; Joyce B J van Meurs; André G Uitterlinden; Robert J de Knegt; M Arfan Ikram; Abbas Dehghan; Annette Peters; Ben Schöttker; Sina A Gharib; Nona Sotoodehnia; Jordana T Bell; Paul Elliott; Paolo Vineis; Caroline Relton; Zdenko Herceg; Hermann Brenner; Melanie Waldenberger; Casey M Rebholz; Trudy Voortman; Qiuwei Pan; Myriam Fornage; Daniel Levy; Manfred Kayser; Mohsen Ghanbari Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2021-05-14 Impact factor: 14.919