Daniel W Spaite1, Chengcheng Hu2, Bentley J Bobrow3, Vatsal Chikani4, Bruce Barnhart5, Joshua B Gaither6, Kurt R Denninghoff6, P David Adelson7, Samuel M Keim6, Chad Viscusi6, Terry Mullins8, Amber D Rice6, Duane Sherrill9. 1. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Electronic address: dan@aemrc.arizona.edu. 2. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 3. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of EMS and Trauma System, Phoenix, AZ. 4. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of EMS and Trauma System, Phoenix, AZ. 5. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ. 6. Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 7. Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health/Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ. 8. Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of EMS and Trauma System, Phoenix, AZ. 9. College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Out-of-hospital hypotension has been associated with increased mortality in traumatic brain injury. The association of traumatic brain injury mortality with the depth or duration of out-of-hospital hypotension is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between the depth and duration of out-of-hospital hypotension and mortality in major traumatic brain injury. METHODS: We evaluated adults and older children with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in the preimplementation cohort of Arizona's statewide Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care study. We used logistic regression to determine the association between the depth-duration dose of hypotension (depth of systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg integrated over duration [minutes] of hypotension) and odds of inhospital death, controlling for significant confounders. RESULTS: There were 7,521 traumatic brain injury cases included (70.6% male patients; median age 40 years [interquartile range 24 to 58]). Mortality was 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.2% to 8.5%) among the 6,982 patients without hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) and 33.4% (95% CI 29.4% to 37.6%) among the 539 hypotensive patients (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg). Mortality was higher with increased hypotension dose: 0.01 to 14.99 mm Hg-minutes 16.3%; 15 to 49.99 mm Hg-minutes 28.1%; 50 to 141.99 mm Hg-minutes 38.8%; and greater than or equal to 142 mm Hg-minutes 50.4%. Log2 (the logarithm in base 2) of hypotension dose was associated with traumatic brain injury mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.19 [95% CI 1.14 to 1.25] per 2-fold increase of dose). CONCLUSION: In this study, the depth and duration of out-of-hospital hypotension were associated with increased traumatic brain injury mortality. Assessments linking out-of-hospital blood pressure with traumatic brain injury outcomes should consider both depth and duration of hypotension.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Out-of-hospital hypotension has been associated with increased mortality in traumatic brain injury. The association of traumatic brain injury mortality with the depth or duration of out-of-hospital hypotension is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between the depth and duration of out-of-hospital hypotension and mortality in major traumatic brain injury. METHODS: We evaluated adults and older children with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in the preimplementation cohort of Arizona's statewide Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care study. We used logistic regression to determine the association between the depth-duration dose of hypotension (depth of systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg integrated over duration [minutes] of hypotension) and odds of inhospital death, controlling for significant confounders. RESULTS: There were 7,521 traumatic brain injury cases included (70.6% male patients; median age 40 years [interquartile range 24 to 58]). Mortality was 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.2% to 8.5%) among the 6,982 patients without hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) and 33.4% (95% CI 29.4% to 37.6%) among the 539 hypotensivepatients (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg). Mortality was higher with increased hypotension dose: 0.01 to 14.99 mm Hg-minutes 16.3%; 15 to 49.99 mm Hg-minutes 28.1%; 50 to 141.99 mm Hg-minutes 38.8%; and greater than or equal to 142 mm Hg-minutes 50.4%. Log2 (the logarithm in base 2) of hypotension dose was associated with traumatic brain injury mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.19 [95% CI 1.14 to 1.25] per 2-fold increase of dose). CONCLUSION: In this study, the depth and duration of out-of-hospital hypotension were associated with increased traumatic brain injury mortality. Assessments linking out-of-hospital blood pressure with traumatic brain injury outcomes should consider both depth and duration of hypotension.
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Authors: H S Levin; E F Aldrich; C Saydjari; H M Eisenberg; M A Foulkes; M Bellefleur; T G Luerssen; J A Jane; A Marmarou; L F Marshall Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 1992-09 Impact factor: 4.654
Authors: Daniel W Spaite; Chengcheng Hu; Bentley J Bobrow; Vatsal Chikani; Duane Sherrill; Bruce Barnhart; Joshua B Gaither; Kurt R Denninghoff; Chad Viscusi; Terry Mullins; P David Adelson Journal: JAMA Surg Date: 2017-04-01 Impact factor: 14.766
Authors: Daniel W Spaite; Bentley J Bobrow; Samuel M Keim; Bruce Barnhart; Vatsal Chikani; Joshua B Gaither; Duane Sherrill; Kurt R Denninghoff; Terry Mullins; P David Adelson; Amber D Rice; Chad Viscusi; Chengcheng Hu Journal: JAMA Surg Date: 2019-07-17 Impact factor: 14.766
Authors: Joshua B Gaither; Daniel W Spaite; Bentley J Bobrow; Samuel M Keim; Bruce J Barnhart; Vatsal Chikani; Duane Sherrill; Kurt R Denninghoff; Terry Mullins; P David Adelson; Amber D Rice; Chad Viscusi; Chengcheng Hu Journal: Ann Emerg Med Date: 2020-11-11 Impact factor: 5.721
Authors: Halinder S Mangat; Xian Wu; Linda M Gerber; Hamisi K Shabani; Albert Lazaro; Andreas Leidinger; Maria M Santos; Paul H McClelland; Hanna Schenck; Pascal Joackim; Japhet G Ngerageza; Franziska Schmidt; Philip E Stieg; Roger Hartl Journal: J Neurosurg Date: 2021-01-22 Impact factor: 5.408