| Literature DB >> 28555658 |
Xiaoji Wu1,2,3,4,5, Yi Zhang1,2,3,4.
Abstract
In mammals, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) can be actively reversed to unmodified cytosine (C) through TET dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), followed by replication-dependent dilution or thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent base excision repair. In the past few years, biochemical and structural studies have revealed mechanistic insights into how TET and TDG mediate active DNA demethylation. Additionally, many regulatory mechanisms of this process have been identified. Technological advances in mapping and tracing the oxidized forms of 5mC allow further dissection of their functions. Furthermore, the biological functions of active DNA demethylation in various biological contexts have also been revealed. In this Review, we summarize the recent advances and highlight key unanswered questions.Entities:
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Year: 2017 PMID： 28555658 DOI： 10.1038/nrg.2017.33
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nat Rev Genet ISSN： 1471-0056 Impact factor: 53.242