Debika Nandi-Munshi1, Maryam Afkarian2, Kathryn B Whitlock3, Jamie L Crandell4, Ronny A Bell5, Ralph D'Agostino6, Sharon Saydah7, Amy K Mottl8, Dana Dabelea9, Mary Helen Black10, Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis11, Catherine Pihoker1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 2. Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA. 3. Core for Biomedical Statistics, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics and School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 5. Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. 6. Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. 7. Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 8. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 9. Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 10. Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA. 11. Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In adults, lower vitamin D has been associated with increased albuminuria. This association has not been extensively studied in youth with or without type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D and albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) in 8,789 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001-2006 (NHANES), who were 6-19 years old. Further, we examined the association between vitamin D and albuminuria in 938 participants from the SEARCH Nutritional Ancillary Study (SNAS), a longitudinal cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS: Of the NHANES participants, 5.3, 19.5, and 53.7% had vitamin D levels <30, 50 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. Albuminuria was present in 12.8% and was more common in younger children, females, non-Hispanic whites, non-obese children, and children with hypertension. After adjustments, there was no association between vitamin D and albuminuria. Among the SNAS participants with type 1 diabetes, we also found no association between baseline vitamin D and subsequent albuminuria in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: We did not find an association between serum vitamin D and albuminuria in either non-diabetic youth or those with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to more fully understand this relationship.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In adults, lower vitamin D has been associated with increased albuminuria. This association has not been extensively studied in youth with or without type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D and albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) in 8,789 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001-2006 (NHANES), who were 6-19 years old. Further, we examined the association between vitamin D and albuminuria in 938 participants from the SEARCH Nutritional Ancillary Study (SNAS), a longitudinal cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS: Of the NHANES participants, 5.3, 19.5, and 53.7% had vitamin D levels <30, 50 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. Albuminuria was present in 12.8% and was more common in younger children, females, non-Hispanic whites, non-obesechildren, and children with hypertension. After adjustments, there was no association between vitamin D and albuminuria. Among the SNAS participants with type 1 diabetes, we also found no association between baseline vitamin D and subsequent albuminuria in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: We did not find an association between serum vitamin D and albuminuria in either non-diabetic youth or those with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to more fully understand this relationship.
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