Rachelle Morgenstern1, Robin M Whyatt2, Beverly J Insel1, Antonia M Calafat3, Xinhua Liu4, Virginia A Rauh5, Julie Herbstman2, Gary Bradwin6, Pam Factor-Litvak7. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 3. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 5. Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 6. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: prf1@cumc.columbia.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research relating either prenatal or concurrent measures of phthalate exposure to thyroid function in preschool children is inconclusive. METHODS: In a study of inner-city mothers and their children, metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and diethyl phthalate were measured in a spot urine sample collected from women in late pregnancy and from their children at age 3years. We measured children's serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at age 3. Linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between phthalate metabolites, measured in maternal urine during late pregnancy and measured in child urine at age 3 and thyroid function measured at age 3. RESULTS: Mean concentrations (ranges) were 1.42ng/dL (1.02-2.24) for FT4, and 2.62uIU/mL (0.61-11.67) for TSH. In the children at age 3, among girls, FT4 decreased with increasing loge mono-n-butyl phthalate [estimated b=-0.06; 95% CI: (-0.09, -0.02)], loge mono-isobutyl phthalate [b=-0.05; 95% CI: (-0.09, -0.01)], loge monoethyl phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.01)], and loge mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.003)] and loge mono(2-ethyl-5-oxy-hexyl) phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.004)]. In contrast, among boys, we observed no associations between FT4 and child phthalate metabolites at age 3. On the other hand, in late gestation, FT4 increased with increasing loge mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [estimated b=0.04; 95% CI: (0.02, 0.06)] and no sex difference was observed. We found no associations between phthalate biomarkers measured in either the child or prenatal samples and TSH at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: The data show inverse and sex specific associations between specific phthalate metabolites measured in children at age 3 and thyroid function in preschool children. These results may provide evidence for the hypothesis that reductions in thyroid hormones mediate associations between early life phthalate exposure and child cognitive outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Research relating either prenatal or concurrent measures of phthalate exposure to thyroid function in preschool children is inconclusive. METHODS: In a study of inner-city mothers and their children, metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and diethyl phthalate were measured in a spot urine sample collected from women in late pregnancy and from their children at age 3years. We measured children's serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at age 3. Linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between phthalate metabolites, measured in maternal urine during late pregnancy and measured in child urine at age 3 and thyroid function measured at age 3. RESULTS: Mean concentrations (ranges) were 1.42ng/dL (1.02-2.24) for FT4, and 2.62uIU/mL (0.61-11.67) for TSH. In the children at age 3, among girls, FT4 decreased with increasing loge mono-n-butyl phthalate [estimated b=-0.06; 95% CI: (-0.09, -0.02)], loge mono-isobutyl phthalate [b=-0.05; 95% CI: (-0.09, -0.01)], loge monoethyl phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.01)], and loge mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.003)] and loge mono(2-ethyl-5-oxy-hexyl) phthalate [b=-0.04; 95% CI: (-0.07, -0.004)]. In contrast, among boys, we observed no associations between FT4 and childphthalate metabolites at age 3. On the other hand, in late gestation, FT4 increased with increasing loge mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [estimated b=0.04; 95% CI: (0.02, 0.06)] and no sex difference was observed. We found no associations between phthalate biomarkers measured in either the child or prenatal samples and TSH at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: The data show inverse and sex specific associations between specific phthalate metabolites measured in children at age 3 and thyroid function in preschool children. These results may provide evidence for the hypothesis that reductions in thyroid hormones mediate associations between early life phthalate exposure and child cognitive outcomes.
Authors: D B Martinez-Arguelles; E Campioli; M Culty; B R Zirkin; V Papadopoulos Journal: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol Date: 2013-01-17 Impact factor: 4.292
Authors: Frederica P Perera; Virginia Rauh; Wei-Yann Tsai; Patrick Kinney; David Camann; Dana Barr; Tom Bernert; Robin Garfinkel; Yi-Hsuan Tu; Diurka Diaz; Jessica Dietrich; Robin M Whyatt Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2003-02 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Carmen Messerlian; David Bellinger; Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón; Megan E Romano; Jennifer B Ford; Paige L Williams; Antonia M Calafat; Russ Hauser; Joseph M Braun Journal: Environ Res Date: 2017-07-21 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Arin A Balalian; Robin M Whyatt; Xinhua Liu; Beverly J Insel; Virginia A Rauh; Julie Herbstman; Pam Factor-Litvak Journal: Environ Res Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Joël Spiroux de Vendômois; Jean-Paul Bourdineaud; Arnaud Apoteker; Nicolas Defarge; Emilie Gaillard; Corinne Lepage; Jacques Testart; Christian Vélot Journal: Toxicol Res Date: 2021-01-25
Authors: Megan E Romano; Melissa N Eliot; R Thomas Zoeller; Andrew N Hoofnagle; Antonia M Calafat; Margaret R Karagas; Kimberly Yolton; Aimin Chen; Bruce P Lanphear; Joseph M Braun Journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health Date: 2018-03-23 Impact factor: 5.840
Authors: Alison E Hipwell; Linda G Kahn; Pam Factor-Litvak; Christina A Porucznik; Eva L Siegel; Raina N Fichorova; Richard F Hamman; Michele Klein-Fedyshin; Kim G Harley Journal: Hum Reprod Update Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 15.610
Authors: J William Gaynor; Richard F Ittenbach; Antonia M Calafat; Nancy B Burnham; Asa Bradman; David C Bellinger; Frederick M Henretig; Erin E Wehrung; J Laurenson Ward; William W Russell; Thomas L Spray Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2018-07-30 Impact factor: 5.102