Photosynthetic performance of Arctic macroalgae after transplantation from deep to shallow waters.

Transplantation experiments conducted in the Arctic Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen) in summer 1997 investigated the effects of various types of filtered natural radiation (solar, solar without UV-B, solar without UV-A/B) on photosynthesis of various macroalgae. Two brown algal species (Laminaria solidungula, Saccorhiza dermatodea) and four red algal species (Palmaria palmata, Phycodrys rubens, Phyllophora truncata, Ptilota plumosa) were collected from deeper waters, kept in UV-transparent plexiglass tubes wrapped with different spectral cut-off filter foils and positioned at fixed depths in shallow waters for 7-9 days. At regular intervals, chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (optimum quantum yield, F v/F m) was determined, as an indicator of photosynthetic performance. The data demonstrate that shallow-water species such as P. palmata are much less affected by natural photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV radiation near the surface than extremely sensitive deep-water species such as Phyc. rubens which exhibited strong decreases in photosynthetic performance, as well as photobleaching of part of the thallus. The other species showed intermediate response patterns. In most species investigated inhibition of photosynthesis was mainly caused by the UV-B wavelengths. Interpretation of the data clearly indicates species-specific tolerances of photosynthesis to ambient solar radiation which can be explained by broad physiological acclimation potentials and/or genetic adaptation to certain (low or high) irradiances. The species-specific photosynthetic performance under radiation stress is in good accordance with the vertical distribution of the macroalgae on the shore.