Anette M Hammerum1, Sharmin Baig1, Yasmin Kamel1, Louise Roer1, Mette Pinholt2, Heidi Gumpert2, Barbara Holzknecht3, Bent Røder4, Ulrik S Justesen5, Jurgita Samulioniené6, Mona Kjærsgaard7, Claus Østergaard8, Anette Holm9, Esad Dzajic10, Turid Snekloth Søndergaard11, Shahin Gaini12,13,14, Petra Edquist15, Erik Alm15, Berit Lilje1, Henrik Westh2, Marc Stegger1, Henrik Hasman1. 1. Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. 3. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 4. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark. 5. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. 7. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 8. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. 9. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 10. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark. 11. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark. 12. Medical Department, National Hospital Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands. 13. Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 14. Department of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands. 15. Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the changing epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in clinical samples in Denmark 2005-15 according to species and van type, and, furthermore, to investigate the genetic relatedness of the clinical E. faecium isolates from 2015. Methods: During 2005-14, all clinical VRE isolates were tested for the presence of vanA/B/C genes by PCR. In 2015, all clinical VRE isolates were whole-genome sequenced. From the WGS data, the presence of van genes and MLST STs were extracted in silico . Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis was performed for the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. Results: During 2005-15, 1043 vanA E. faecium , 25 vanB E. faecium , 4 vanA E. faecalis and 28 vanB E. faecalis were detected. The number of VRE was <50 isolates/year until 2012 to > 200 isolates/year in 2013-15. In 2015, 368 vanA E. faecium and 1 vanB E. faecium were detected along with 1 vanA E. faecalis and 1 vanB E. faecalis . cgMLST subdivided the 368 vanA E. faecium isolates into 33 cluster types (CTs), whereas the vanB E. faecium isolate belonged to a different CT. ST203-CT859 was most prevalent (51%), followed by ST80-CT14 (22%), ST117-CT24 (6%), ST80-CT866 (4%) and ST80-CT860 (2%). Comparison with the cgMLST.org database, previous studies and personal communications with neighbouring countries revealed that the novel cluster ST203-CT859 emerged in December 2014 and spread to the south of Sweden and the Faroe Islands during 2015. Conclusions: VRE increased in Denmark during 2005-15 due to the emergence of several vanA E. faecium clones.
Objectives: To describe the changing epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in clinical samples in Denmark 2005-15 according to species and van type, and, furthermore, to investigate the genetic relatedness of the clinicalE. faecium isolates from 2015. Methods: During 2005-14, all clinical VRE isolates were tested for the presence of vanA/B/C genes by PCR. In 2015, all clinical VRE isolates were whole-genome sequenced. From the WGS data, the presence of van genes and MLST STs were extracted in silico . Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis was performed for the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. Results: During 2005-15, 1043 vanA E. faecium , 25 vanB E. faecium , 4 vanA E. faecalis and 28 vanB E. faecalis were detected. The number of VRE was <50 isolates/year until 2012 to > 200 isolates/year in 2013-15. In 2015, 368 vanA E. faecium and 1 vanB E. faecium were detected along with 1 vanA E. faecalis and 1 vanB E. faecalis . cgMLST subdivided the 368 vanA E. faecium isolates into 33 cluster types (CTs), whereas the vanB E. faecium isolate belonged to a different CT. ST203-CT859 was most prevalent (51%), followed by ST80-CT14 (22%), ST117-CT24 (6%), ST80-CT866 (4%) and ST80-CT860 (2%). Comparison with the cgMLST.org database, previous studies and personal communications with neighbouring countries revealed that the novel cluster ST203-CT859 emerged in December 2014 and spread to the south of Sweden and the Faroe Islands during 2015. Conclusions: VRE increased in Denmark during 2005-15 due to the emergence of several vanA E. faecium clones.
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