Natural Predominance of Abscisic Acid in Pongammia pinnata ("Karanj") Honey Contributed to its Strong Antimutagenicity.

Various samples of raw (unprocessed) floral honey collected from different geographical locations of India were assayed for its antimutagenicity against ethyl methanesulfonate in E. coli MG1655 cells through rifampicin resistance assay. A monofloral honey ("Pongammia pinnata", local name "Karanj") displayed maximum antimutagenicity (78.0 ± 1.7; P ≤ 0.05). Solid phase extraction (using Amberlite XAD-2 resin) followed by HPLC resulted into different peaks displaying varying antimutagenicity. Peak at retention time (Rt) 27.9 min (henceforth called P28) displayed maximum antimutagenicity and was further characterized to be abscisic acid (ABA) using ESI-MS and NMR. Its antimutagenicity was reconfirmed through human lymphoblast cell line (TK6) mutation assay using thymidine kinase (tk+/-) cell line. Although ABA from this honey displayed strong antimutagenicity, it lacked any in vitro antioxidant capacity indicating noninvolvement of any radical scavenging in the observed antimutagenicity.