Current findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying anhydrobiosis in Polypedilum vanderplanki.

Water is an essential molecule for living organisms. However, some organisms can survive in environments which receive no rainfall for months and in which ordinary life cannot survive. How do they endure the extended dry season? The sleeping chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki, which inhabits sub-Saharan Africa, exhibits extreme tolerance to complete desiccation, a process termed anhydrobiosis. During anhydrobiosis these organisms dry up and entirely shut down their metabolism. However, when the dried larvae are immersed in water, their metabolism is resumed. Interestingly, anhydrobiosis allows these organisms to tolerate not only desiccation but also high and low temperatures, the absence of oxygen, radiation, and chemical stresses. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which P. vanderplanki achieves anhydrobiosis revealed in our recent research.