Trenton Honda1, Melissa N Eliot2, Charles B Eaton3, Eric Whitsel4, James D Stewart5, Lina Mu6, Helen Suh7, Adam Szpiro8, Joel D Kaufman8, Sverre Vedal8, Gregory A Wellenius2. 1. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: t.honda@northeastern.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States. 3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. 6. School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States. 7. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States. 8. School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS: Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS: During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS: Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS: During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
Authors: Paul D Sampson; Mark Richards; Adam A Szpiro; Silas Bergen; Lianne Sheppard; Timothy V Larson; Joel D Kaufman Journal: Atmos Environ (1994) Date: 2013-08-01 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Hualiang Lin; Yanfei Guo; Yang Zheng; Qian Di; Tao Liu; Jianpeng Xiao; Xing Li; Weilin Zeng; Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn; Steven W Howard; Michael G Vaughn; Zhengmin Min Qian; Wenjun Ma; Fan Wu Journal: Hypertension Date: 2017-03-27 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Patricia F Coogan; Laura F White; Michael Jerrett; Robert D Brook; Jason G Su; Edmund Seto; Richard Burnett; Julie R Palmer; Lynn Rosenberg Journal: Circulation Date: 2012-01-04 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Karen L Margolis; Lisa W Martin; Roberta M Ray; Tessa J Kerby; Matthew A Allison; J David Curb; Theodore A Kotchen; Simin Liu; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller; Joann E Manson Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2011-11-29 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: C Arden Pope; Richard T Burnett; Michael J Thun; Eugenia E Calle; Daniel Krewski; Kazuhiko Ito; George D Thurston Journal: JAMA Date: 2002-03-06 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Lahn Straney; Judith Finn; Martine Dennekamp; Alexandra Bremner; Andrew Tonkin; Ian Jacobs Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2013-09-17 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Christy L Avery; Katherine T Mills; Ronald Williams; Kathleen A McGraw; Charles Poole; Richard L Smith; Eric A Whitsel Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2010-03 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Samantha L Kingsley; Melissa N Eliot; Eric A Whitsel; Yi Wang; Brent A Coull; Lifang Hou; Helene G Margolis; Karen L Margolis; Lina Mu; Wen-Chih C Wu; Karen C Johnson; Matthew A Allison; JoAnn E Manson; Charles B Eaton; Gregory A Wellenius Journal: Environ Res Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Mette Sørensen; Barbara Hoffmann; Martin Hvidberg; Matthias Ketzel; Steen Solvang Jensen; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Anne Tjønneland; Kim Overvad; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2012-01-03 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Cheng Chen; Pengcheng Xun; Joel D Kaufman; Kathleen M Hayden; Mark A Espeland; Eric A Whitsel; Marc L Serre; William Vizuete; Tonya Orchard; William S Harris; Xinhui Wang; Helena C Chui; Jiu-Chiuan Chen; Ka He Journal: Neurology Date: 2020-07-15 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Clara G Sears; Joseph M Braun; Patrick H Ryan; Yingying Xu; Erika F Werner; Bruce P Lanphear; Gregory A Wellenius Journal: Environ Int Date: 2018-10-06 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Cheng Chen; Eric A Whitsel; Mark A Espeland; Linda Snetselaar; Kathleen M Hayden; Archana P Lamichhane; Marc L Serre; William Vizuete; Joel D Kaufman; Xinhui Wang; Helena C Chui; Mary E D'Alton; Jiu-Chiuan Chen; Ka Kahe Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2022-02-01 Impact factor: 16.655
Authors: Anne M Weaver; Laura McGuinn; Lucas Neas; Jaime Mirowsky; Robert B Devlin; Radhika Dhingra; Cavin Ward-Caviness; Wayne E Cascio; William E Kraus; Elizabeth R Hauser; Qian Di; Joel Schwartz; David Diaz-Sanchez Journal: Environ Epidemiol Date: 2019-02
Authors: Emilie Davis; Brian Malig; Rachel Broadwin; Keita Ebisu; Rupa Basu; Ellen B Gold; Lihong Qi; Carol A Derby; Sung Kyun Park; Xiangmei May Wu Journal: Environ Health Date: 2020-11-05 Impact factor: 5.984