A Nappo1, E M González-Gil2, W Ahrens3, K Bammann4, N Michels5, L A Moreno2, Y Kourides6, L Iacoviello7, S Mårild8, A Fraterman9, D Molnàr10, T Veidebaum11, A Siani12, P Russo1. 1. Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy. 2. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 3. Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany. 4. Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. 5. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 6. Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Unit of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy. 8. Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 9. Laboratoriumsmedizin Dortmund, Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Germany. 10. Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 11. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. 12. Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy. Electronic address: asiani@isa.cnr.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adipokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. We aimed to evaluate the association of leptin, adiponectin, and its ratio (L/A ratio) with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a subsample of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Leptin, adiponectin and MetS parameters were measured in a subsample of 1253 children (3-9.9 years) participating to the IDEFICS study, grouped as: Non-OW (underweight/normal weight) and OW/Ob (overweight/obese). MetS was defined using the sex- and age-specific cut-offs based on the distribution of MetS components in the IDEFICS cohort. The prevalence of the MetS among OW/Ob was 24.8% and 27.1% in boys and girls respectively, whereas ≤2% among Non-OW. OW/Ob had significantly higher leptin and L/A ratio as compared to Non-OW. Significantly higher leptin was found in OW/Ob with MetS as compared with OW/Ob without MetS. Significantly lower adiponectin was observed only in OW/Ob girls as compared to Non-OW. A 1SD increase in leptin and L/A ratio z-scores or a 1SD decrease in adiponectin z-score were significantly associated with higher risk of MetS. After adjustment for BMI or body fat mass (BFM) the association remained significant only for leptin. CONCLUSION: We showed that in European children, higher leptin concentration is associated with MetS, even after adjusting for BMI or BFM, confirming an early role of leptin in MetS, while the association of adiponectin with MetS seems be mediated by body fat in this age range.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adipokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. We aimed to evaluate the association of leptin, adiponectin, and its ratio (L/A ratio) with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a subsample of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS:Leptin, adiponectin and MetS parameters were measured in a subsample of 1253 children (3-9.9 years) participating to the IDEFICS study, grouped as: Non-OW (underweight/normal weight) and OW/Ob (overweight/obese). MetS was defined using the sex- and age-specific cut-offs based on the distribution of MetS components in the IDEFICS cohort. The prevalence of the MetS among OW/Ob was 24.8% and 27.1% in boys and girls respectively, whereas ≤2% among Non-OW. OW/Ob had significantly higher leptin and L/A ratio as compared to Non-OW. Significantly higher leptin was found in OW/Ob with MetS as compared with OW/Ob without MetS. Significantly lower adiponectin was observed only in OW/Ob girls as compared to Non-OW. A 1SD increase in leptin and L/A ratio z-scores or a 1SD decrease in adiponectin z-score were significantly associated with higher risk of MetS. After adjustment for BMI or body fat mass (BFM) the association remained significant only for leptin. CONCLUSION: We showed that in European children, higher leptin concentration is associated with MetS, even after adjusting for BMI or BFM, confirming an early role of leptin in MetS, while the association of adiponectin with MetS seems be mediated by body fat in this age range.
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