D C Schroeder1, H Ecker2, S Wingen2, F Semeraro3,4, B W Böttiger2,3. 1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str.62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland. Daniel.Schroeder@uk-koeln.de. 2. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Str.62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland. 3. European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Niel, Belgien. 4. Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italien.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Even in western developed countries, the probability of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is only 6-10%. In order to improve survival after OHCA, early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by laypersons is essential. Introduction of CPR training in schoolchildren seems to be effective to increase lay-CPR rates. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate educational aspects of teaching schoolchildren in CPR and to summarize campaigns related to a comprehensive establishment of lay-CPR worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature research in PubMed was performed, the cutoff date was 27 February 2017. Overall, 192 abstracts were analyzed; 51 articles were considered relevant and included in the manuscript. An additional keyword research in Google revealed >230,000 entries, and 20 of those were included in the present manuscript. RESULTS: A minimum age of 12-13 years is required to achieve a comparable quality of CPR to adult basic life support (BLS). Key issues are (i) the correct detection of a cardiac arrest, (ii) a correctly performed call for help, (iii) thoracic compressions and (iv) if applicable, the initiation of adequate mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Practical training showed a significantly higher CPR quality compared to theoretical training only or to the use of instruction or online videos only. Worldwide implementation of a 2-h BLS training per year in children from the age of 12 or younger is recommended by the "Kids Save Lives"- statement since 2015. In Germany, implementation at the level of the federal states has progressed to different degrees.
BACKGROUND: Even in western developed countries, the probability of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is only 6-10%. In order to improve survival after OHCA, early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by laypersons is essential. Introduction of CPR training in schoolchildren seems to be effective to increase lay-CPR rates. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate educational aspects of teaching schoolchildren in CPR and to summarize campaigns related to a comprehensive establishment of lay-CPR worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature research in PubMed was performed, the cutoff date was 27 February 2017. Overall, 192 abstracts were analyzed; 51 articles were considered relevant and included in the manuscript. An additional keyword research in Google revealed >230,000 entries, and 20 of those were included in the present manuscript. RESULTS: A minimum age of 12-13 years is required to achieve a comparable quality of CPR to adult basic life support (BLS). Key issues are (i) the correct detection of a cardiac arrest, (ii) a correctly performed call for help, (iii) thoracic compressions and (iv) if applicable, the initiation of adequate mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Practical training showed a significantly higher CPR quality compared to theoretical training only or to the use of instruction or online videos only. Worldwide implementation of a 2-h BLS training per year in children from the age of 12 or younger is recommended by the "Kids Save Lives"- statement since 2015. In Germany, implementation at the level of the federal states has progressed to different degrees.
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