Richard S Liu1,2, Allison E Aiello3, Fiona K Mensah1,2,4, Constantine E Gasser1,2, Kuna Rueb1, Billie Cordell1, Markus Juonala5,6, Melissa Wake1,2,4, David P Burgner1,2,7. 1. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 2. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 3. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 4. The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 5. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 6. Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a central role in cardiometabolic disease and may represent a mechanism linking low socioeconomic status (SES) in early life and adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between childhood SES and adult inflammation, but findings have been inconsistent. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between childhood (age <18 years) SES and the inflammatory marker C reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood. Studies were identified in Medline and Embase databases, and by reviewing the bibliographies of articles published from 1946 to December 2015. Study-specific estimates were combined into meta-analyses using random-effects models. RESULTS: 15 of 21 eligible studies (n=43 629) were ultimately included in two separate meta-analyses. Compared with those from the most advantaged families, participants from the least advantaged families had 25% higher CRP levels (ratio change in geometric mean CRP: 1.25; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.32) in minimally adjusted analyses. This finding was attenuated by the inclusion of adult body mass index (BMI) in adjusted models, suggesting BMI has a strong mediating role in CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an inverse association between childhood SES and adulthood CRP, potentially mediated through BMI. Investigating how childhood SES is associated with childhood BMI and CRP would provide insight into the effective timing of social and clinical interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
BACKGROUND:Inflammation plays a central role in cardiometabolic disease and may represent a mechanism linking low socioeconomic status (SES) in early life and adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between childhood SES and adult inflammation, but findings have been inconsistent. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between childhood (age <18 years) SES and the inflammatory marker C reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood. Studies were identified in Medline and Embase databases, and by reviewing the bibliographies of articles published from 1946 to December 2015. Study-specific estimates were combined into meta-analyses using random-effects models. RESULTS: 15 of 21 eligible studies (n=43 629) were ultimately included in two separate meta-analyses. Compared with those from the most advantaged families, participants from the least advantaged families had 25% higher CRP levels (ratio change in geometric mean CRP: 1.25; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.32) in minimally adjusted analyses. This finding was attenuated by the inclusion of adult body mass index (BMI) in adjusted models, suggesting BMI has a strong mediating role in CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an inverse association between childhood SES and adulthood CRP, potentially mediated through BMI. Investigating how childhood SES is associated with childhood BMI and CRP would provide insight into the effective timing of social and clinical interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease; OBESITY; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES; Social and life-course epidemiology
Authors: Eric B Loucks; Louise Pilote; John W Lynch; Hugues Richard; Nisha D Almeida; Emelia J Benjamin; Joanne M Murabito Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2010-03-23 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: Bruna Galobardes; Mary Shaw; Debbie A Lawlor; John W Lynch; George Davey Smith Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2006-01 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Chris J Packard; Vladimir Bezlyak; Jennifer S McLean; G David Batty; Ian Ford; Harry Burns; Jonathan Cavanagh; Kevin A Deans; Marion Henderson; Agnes McGinty; Keith Millar; Naveed Sattar; Paul G Shiels; Yoga N Velupillai; Carol Tannahill Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2011-01-17 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Alva Tang; Nathan A Fox; Charles A Nelson; Charles H Zeanah; Natalie Slopen Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2019-08-13 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Sarah E Zemore; Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe; Nina Mulia; William C Kerr; Cindy L Ehlers; Won Kim Cook; Priscilla Martinez; Camillia Lui; Thomas K Greenfield Journal: J Stud Alcohol Drugs Date: 2018-01 Impact factor: 2.582
Authors: Cristian Carmeli; Zoltán Kutalik; Pashupati P Mishra; Eleonora Porcu; Cyrille Delpierre; Olivier Delaneau; Michelle Kelly-Irving; Murielle Bochud; Nasser A Dhayat; Belen Ponte; Menno Pruijm; Georg Ehret; Mika Kähönen; Terho Lehtimäki; Olli T Raitakari; Paolo Vineis; Mika Kivimäki; Marc Chadeau-Hyam; Emmanouil Dermitzakis; Nicolas Vuilleumier; Silvia Stringhini Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Meredith O'Connor; Anne-Louise Ponsonby; Fiona Collier; Richard Liu; Peter D Sly; Peter Azzopardi; Kate Lycett; Sharon Goldfeld; Sarah J Arnup; David Burgner; Naomi Priest Journal: Brain Behav Immun Health Date: 2020-09-28
Authors: Pieter Hermanus Myburgh; Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau; Iolanthé Marike Kruger; Gordon Wayne Towers Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-09-11 Impact factor: 3.390