Kenji Takagishi1, Tetsuya Matsuura2, Takashi Masatomi3, Etsuo Chosa4, Tsuyoshi Tajika5, Mikihiko Watanabe6, Tetsu Iwama7, Toshiro Otani8, Katsunori Inagaki9, Hiroyasu Ikegami10, Mitsuhiro Aoki11, Ko Kato12, Toru Okuwaki13, Koichi Sairyo14, Yasushi Kameyama15, Akira Maeda16, Moroe Beppu17. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, 786-7, Kamisano-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0857, Japan. Electronic address: ktakagishi@gunma-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3, Ukida, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan. 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Asuka Hospital, 3-33-1, Okusawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-0083, Japan. 7. Iwama Orthopaedic Clinic, 8-10-12, Hino, Kounan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 234-0051, Japan. 8. Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. 9. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan. 10. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan. 11. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 002-8072, Japan. 12. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, 112-1, Kokuhu-Cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8505, Japan. 13. Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Japan Sport Council, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan. 14. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. 15. Idota Orthopedics, Meieki Sports Clinic, 2-6-5, Meieki, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0045, Japan. 16. Narita Orthopaedic Hospital, 3-12-23 Sumiyoshi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, 812-0018, Japan. 17. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna Medical University, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations on how to prevent baseball injuries in youths by the Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine, shoulder and elbow pain still frequently occurs in young baseball players. We conducted a questionnaire survey among baseball players at elementary schools across the country to understand the practice conditions of players, examining the risk factors of shoulder and elbow pain in baseball players. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was conducted among elementary school baseball players as members of the Baseball Federation of Japan in September 2015. RESULTS: A total of 8354 players belonging to 412 teams (average age: 8.9) responded to the survey. Among 7894 players who did not have any shoulder and/or elbow pain in September 2014, elbow pain was experienced in 12.3% of them, shoulder pain in 8.0% and shoulder and/or elbow pain in 17.4% during the previous one year. A total of 2835 (39.9% of the total) practiced four days or more per week and 97.6% practiced 3 h or more per day on Saturdays and Sundays. The risk factors associated shoulder and elbow pain included a male sex, older age, pitchers and catchers, and players throwing more than 50 balls per day. CONCLUSIONS: It has been revealed that Japanese elementary school baseball players train too much. Coaches should pay attention to older players, male players, pitchers and catchers in order to prevent shoulder and elbow pain. Furthermore, elementary school baseball players should not be allowed to throw more than 50 balls per day. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations on how to prevent baseball injuries in youths by the Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine, shoulder and elbow pain still frequently occurs in young baseball players. We conducted a questionnaire survey among baseball players at elementary schools across the country to understand the practice conditions of players, examining the risk factors of shoulder and elbow pain in baseball players. METHODS: The questionnaire survey was conducted among elementary school baseball players as members of the Baseball Federation of Japan in September 2015. RESULTS: A total of 8354 players belonging to 412 teams (average age: 8.9) responded to the survey. Among 7894 players who did not have any shoulder and/or elbow pain in September 2014, elbow pain was experienced in 12.3% of them, shoulder pain in 8.0% and shoulder and/or elbow pain in 17.4% during the previous one year. A total of 2835 (39.9% of the total) practiced four days or more per week and 97.6% practiced 3 h or more per day on Saturdays and Sundays. The risk factors associated shoulder and elbow pain included a male sex, older age, pitchers and catchers, and players throwing more than 50 balls per day. CONCLUSIONS: It has been revealed that Japanese elementary school baseball players train too much. Coaches should pay attention to older players, male players, pitchers and catchers in order to prevent shoulder and elbow pain. Furthermore, elementary school baseball players should not be allowed to throw more than 50 balls per day. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Josef K Eichinger; J Brett Goodloe; Jackie J Lin; Alyssa Greenhouse; Meghana V Rao; Richard J Friedman; James R Roberts Journal: J Orthop Date: 2020-02-05
Authors: Ross M Nakaji; Todd S Ellenbecker; Kevin M McClenahan; Lianna M Roberts; Chase Perez; Scott B Dickenson Journal: Int J Sports Phys Ther Date: 2021-02-01