Charumathi Sabanayagam1,2, Wanfen Yip1, Preeti Gupta1, Riswana Bb Mohd Abdul1, Ecosse Lamoureux1,3, Neelam Kumari4, Gemmy Cm Cheung1,3, Carol Y Cheung5, Jie Jin Wang6, Ching-Yu Cheng1,3, Tien Yin Wong1,3. 1. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. 2. Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 3. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 4. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Hong Kong. 5. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre, Hong Kong. 6. Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Asian Indians are the fastest growing migration groups in the world. Studies evaluating the impact of migration on disease outcomes in this population are rare. BACKGROUND: We describe the methodology of the Singapore Indian Eye Study-2 (SINDI-2) aimed to evaluate the impact of migration status on diabetic retinopathy and other major age-related eye diseases in Asian Indians living in an urban environment. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2200 adults had participated in baseline SINDI (2007-2009, mean age [range] = 57.8 [42.7-84.1] years) and SINDI-2 (2013-2015, 56.5 [48.4-90.2] years). METHODS: Participants were classified as 'first generation' if they were Indian residents born outside of Singapore and as 'second-generation' immigrants (59.7% in SINDI vs. 63.6% in SINDI-2) if they were born in Singapore. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rate, participant characteristics and prevalence of systemic diseases were stratified by migration status. RESULTS: Of the 2914 eligible SINDI participants invited to participate, 2200 participated in SINDI-2 (response rate of 75.2%). In both SINDI and SINDI-2, compared with first-generation immigrants, second-generation immigrants were younger, less likely to have income <1000 SGD, had lower levels of pulse pressure, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, had lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease and had higher prevalence of current smoking and obesity (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In both SINDI and SINDI-2, second-generation immigrants had lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors except smoking and obesity compared with first-generation immigrants. The final report will confirm if these differences between generations are evident with regard to eye diseases.
IMPORTANCE: Asian Indians are the fastest growing migration groups in the world. Studies evaluating the impact of migration on disease outcomes in this population are rare. BACKGROUND: We describe the methodology of the Singapore Indian Eye Study-2 (SINDI-2) aimed to evaluate the impact of migration status on diabetic retinopathy and other major age-related eye diseases in Asian Indians living in an urban environment. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2200 adults had participated in baseline SINDI (2007-2009, mean age [range] = 57.8 [42.7-84.1] years) and SINDI-2 (2013-2015, 56.5 [48.4-90.2] years). METHODS:Participants were classified as 'first generation' if they were Indian residents born outside of Singapore and as 'second-generation' immigrants (59.7% in SINDI vs. 63.6% in SINDI-2) if they were born in Singapore. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rate, participant characteristics and prevalence of systemic diseases were stratified by migration status. RESULTS: Of the 2914 eligible SINDI participants invited to participate, 2200 participated in SINDI-2 (response rate of 75.2%). In both SINDI and SINDI-2, compared with first-generation immigrants, second-generation immigrants were younger, less likely to have income <1000 SGD, had lower levels of pulse pressure, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, had lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease and had higher prevalence of current smoking and obesity (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In both SINDI and SINDI-2, second-generation immigrants had lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors except smoking and obesity compared with first-generation immigrants. The final report will confirm if these differences between generations are evident with regard to eye diseases.
Authors: Preeti Gupta; Eva K Fenwick; Ryan E K Man; Alfred T L Gan; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Debra Quek; Chaoxu Qian; Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung; Ching-Yu Cheng; Ecosse L Lamoureux Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-05-19 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Carol Y Cheung; Dejiang Xu; Ching-Yu Cheng; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Yih-Chung Tham; Marco Yu; Tyler Hyungtaek Rim; Chew Yian Chai; Bamini Gopinath; Paul Mitchell; Richie Poulton; Terrie E Moffitt; Avshalom Caspi; Jason C Yam; Clement C Tham; Jost B Jonas; Ya Xing Wang; Su Jeong Song; Louise M Burrell; Omar Farouque; Ling Jun Li; Gavin Tan; Daniel S W Ting; Wynne Hsu; Mong Li Lee; Tien Y Wong Journal: Nat Biomed Eng Date: 2020-10-12 Impact factor: 25.671
Authors: Nicholas Y Q Tan; Joel Chan; Ching-Yu Cheng; Tien Yin Wong; Charumathi Sabanayagam Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2019-01-14 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Preeti Gupta; Alfred Tau Liang Gan; Ryan Eyn Kidd Man; Eva K Fenwick; Yih-Chung Tham; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Tien Yin Wong; Ching-Yu Cheng; Ecosse L Lamoureux Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-10-04 Impact factor: 4.379