Yunjun Xiao1, Wei Huang2, Chaoqiong Peng2, Jinzhou Zhang2, Carmen Wong3, Jean H Kim3, Eng-Kiong Yeoh3, Xuefen Su4. 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xyjszcdc@163.com. 2. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China. 3. School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 4. School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xuefensu@cuhk.edu.hk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: nut consumption has consistently been found to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality in prospective studies. However, its effect on endothelial function, a prognostic marker of CVD, is still controversial in clinical trials. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to quantitatively assess the effect of nuts on vascular endothelial function. METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched for published RCTs that reported the effect of nuts on flow mediated dilation (FMD) as a measurement of endothelial function in the adult population (age eighteen years or over). We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random-effects models. RESULTS: A total of nine papers (10 trials) involving 374 participants were included. The pooled estimates found that nut consumption significantly improved FMD (WMD: 0.41%; 95% CI: 0.18%, 0.63%; P = 0.001). Moderate and marginally significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 39.5%, P = 0.094). Subgroup analyses indicated that walnuts significantly improved FMD (WMD: 0.39%; 95% CI: 0.16%, 0.63%; P = 0.001). In addition, nut consumption had a significant effect on FMD in the trials with study duration <18 weeks, nut dose <67 g/d, or subjects with baseline FMD ≥8.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Nut consumption significantly improved endothelial function. However, the beneficial effect was limited to walnuts. More studies examining the effect of other nuts on endothelial function are needed in the future.
OBJECTIVE:nut consumption has consistently been found to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality in prospective studies. However, its effect on endothelial function, a prognostic marker of CVD, is still controversial in clinical trials. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to quantitatively assess the effect of nuts on vascular endothelial function. METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched for published RCTs that reported the effect of nuts on flow mediated dilation (FMD) as a measurement of endothelial function in the adult population (age eighteen years or over). We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random-effects models. RESULTS: A total of nine papers (10 trials) involving 374 participants were included. The pooled estimates found that nut consumption significantly improved FMD (WMD: 0.41%; 95% CI: 0.18%, 0.63%; P = 0.001). Moderate and marginally significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 39.5%, P = 0.094). Subgroup analyses indicated that walnuts significantly improved FMD (WMD: 0.39%; 95% CI: 0.16%, 0.63%; P = 0.001). In addition, nut consumption had a significant effect on FMD in the trials with study duration <18 weeks, nut dose <67 g/d, or subjects with baseline FMD ≥8.6%. CONCLUSIONS:Nut consumption significantly improved endothelial function. However, the beneficial effect was limited to walnuts. More studies examining the effect of other nuts on endothelial function are needed in the future.
Authors: Nicola J A Scott; Leigh J Ellmers; Anna P Pilbrow; Lotte Thomsen; Arthur Mark Richards; Chris M Frampton; Vicky A Cameron Journal: Nutrients Date: 2017-07-07 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Danielle Cahoon; Shruti P Shertukde; Esther E Avendano; Jirayu Tanprasertsuk; Tammy M Scott; Elizabeth J Johnson; Mei Chung; Nanguneri Nirmala Journal: Ann Med Date: 2021-12 Impact factor: 4.709
Authors: Vita Dikariyanto; Leanne Smith; Lucy Francis; May Robertson; Eslem Kusaslan; Molly O'Callaghan-Latham; Camille Palanche; Maria D'Annibale; Dimitra Christodoulou; Nicolas Basty; Brandon Whitcher; Haris Shuaib; Geoffrey Charles-Edwards; Philip J Chowienczyk; Peter R Ellis; Sarah E E Berry; Wendy L Hall Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 7.045