Ricardo Orozco1, Corina Benjet2, Silvia Ruiz Velasco-Acosta3, Laura Moreno Altamirano4, Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe5, Sarah Zemore6, Cheryl Cherpitel7, Guilherme Borges8. 1. Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico City, CP 14370, Mexico. Electronic address: ric_oz@imp.edu.mx. 2. Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico City, CP 14370, Mexico. Electronic address: cbenjet@imp.edu.mx. 3. Department of Probability and Statistics, IIMAS, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, CP 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: silvia@sigma.iimas.unam.mx. 4. Department of Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, CP 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: lamore@unam.mx. 5. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute,6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, United States. Electronic address: kkarrikerjaffe@arg.org. 6. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute,6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, United States. Electronic address: szemore@arg.org. 7. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute,6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, United States. Electronic address: ccherpitel@arg.org. 8. Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico City, CP 14370, Mexico. Electronic address: guibor@imp.edu.mx.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In Mexico, the Northern States are highly impacted by alcohol consumption and associated problems. Little is known about the association between contextual social disadvantage and alcohol use disorder in this region. METHODS: Information from 1265 current drinkers surveyed in the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC) was combined with official data on neighborhood disadvantage (index of urban marginalization, a composite of ten indicators of area-level social disadvantage) for 302 neighborhoods. Using statistical marginal models, we estimated the association of neighborhood disadvantage with alcohol use disorder (AUD; based on DSM-5 criteria), alone and with adjustment for individual and contextual covariates. We also tested for moderation of neighborhood disadvantage effects by sex, education, internal migration and border area. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of AUD of 59% (AOR=1.59; 95%CI=1.03, 2.46) for every one-point increase on the neighborhood disadvantage scale, after adjustment for covariates. A significant interaction between sex and neighborhood disadvantage was indicated by two measures of additive interaction (AP=0.55; p<0.001 and S=2.55; p<0.001), with higher neighborhood disadvantage related to higher prevalence of AUD for men but not for women. No moderation effects were observed for education, internal migration or border area. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood disadvantage is a risk factor for AUD independent of other variables, specifically in men. Studies of contextual variables offer the possibility for understanding the role of collective circumstances on individuals in society. Future studies of alcohol use in this geographic area should consider effects of contextual determinants such as disadvantage.
BACKGROUND: In Mexico, the Northern States are highly impacted by alcohol consumption and associated problems. Little is known about the association between contextual social disadvantage and alcohol use disorder in this region. METHODS: Information from 1265 current drinkers surveyed in the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC) was combined with official data on neighborhood disadvantage (index of urban marginalization, a composite of ten indicators of area-level social disadvantage) for 302 neighborhoods. Using statistical marginal models, we estimated the association of neighborhood disadvantage with alcohol use disorder (AUD; based on DSM-5 criteria), alone and with adjustment for individual and contextual covariates. We also tested for moderation of neighborhood disadvantage effects by sex, education, internal migration and border area. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of AUD of 59% (AOR=1.59; 95%CI=1.03, 2.46) for every one-point increase on the neighborhood disadvantage scale, after adjustment for covariates. A significant interaction between sex and neighborhood disadvantage was indicated by two measures of additive interaction (AP=0.55; p<0.001 and S=2.55; p<0.001), with higher neighborhood disadvantage related to higher prevalence of AUD for men but not for women. No moderation effects were observed for education, internal migration or border area. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood disadvantage is a risk factor for AUD independent of other variables, specifically in men. Studies of contextual variables offer the possibility for understanding the role of collective circumstances on individuals in society. Future studies of alcohol use in this geographic area should consider effects of contextual determinants such as disadvantage.
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