Literature DB >> 28442817

Exploring the scope of enhanced gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme.

Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava1, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava1, Jegadeesh Ramasamy1.   

Abstract

Entities:  

Year:  2017        PMID: 28442817      PMCID: PMC5389208          DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.203434

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS        ISSN: 2589-0557


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Sir, Worldwide, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) tend to cast a major influence on the sexual and reproductive health status and are one of the most common ailments for which health care services are utilized.[1] In fact, more than 1 million people every day acquire STI while on an annual basis, almost 500 million people acquire any of the four major STIs.[1] Although antibiotic resistance has emerged against most of the STIs, it has been anticipated that very soon management of gonorrhea infection will be intractable.[2] Further, reports of resistance of gonorrhea to antibiotics have been observed in 36 nations, including cases of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea (viz., resistance to penicillin, broad spectrum antibiotics, cephalosporins, etc.).[12] The reports of multidrug resistance against gonorrhea is a major public health concern, as a disease which could be cured by taking a single dose of antibiotic, might now result in long-term complications such as infertility, pregnancy complications, and neonatal blindness.[3] This is a serious issue for the policy makers to contend with, as most of the developing nations are already struggling with resource/logistic constraints, poor awareness, stigma, limited contact tracing or case-holding, and shortcomings in screening activities.[123] The primary strategy for reducing the spread of gonorrhea is to ensure early detection and treatment and to extend supportive care to the people.[3] Both of these strategies are quite indispensable as most of the people hesitate to avail health care services, and hence, it becomes imperative to provide effective treatment whenever people come to health centers.[34] To contain the problem, the World Health Organization has implemented the Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) to ascertain the trends of spread and emergence of gonorrhea resistance.[3] Further, an enhanced version of the GASP has been initiated in Thailand to obtain an accurate estimate about the number of people with gonococcal infections, their demographic parameters, and type of treatment needed, to eventually enable provision of nondiscriminatory health care.[3] This initiative aims to improve on the existing surveillance system in the country by providing standardized guidelines for testing laboratory specimens, emphasizing on eliciting surplus clinical/demographic/behavioral information, and in altering the treatment strategy depending on the pattern of gonococcal antibiotic resistance.[3] Further, these estimates can be utilized in the assessment of the global trends and to ensure comparison between various nations.[345] Moreover, it has been advocated that any nation which can ascertain and then only provide appropriate therapeutic care can significantly address the problem of gonorrhea.[45] In addition, a simultaneous improvement in the existing STI package of services, better emphasis on behavior alterations and compliance with the treatment guidelines, and ensuring involvement of the community in different stages of the program can play a significant role in enhancing the utility of the services.[13] In conclusion, the strategy of enhanced gonococcal resistance surveillance program can play a crucial role in significantly improving the treatment outcome of gonoccal infections in the coming years.

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Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.
  2 in total

1.  The European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (Euro-GASP)--a sentinel approach in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA).

Authors:  Gianfranco Spiteri; Michelle Cole; Magnus Unemo; Steen Hoffmann; Catherine Ison; Marita van de Laar
Journal:  Sex Transm Infect       Date:  2013-12       Impact factor: 3.519

2.  Antimicrobial resistance monitoring in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and strategic use of funds from the Global Fund to set up a systematic Moroccan gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme.

Authors:  Amina Hançali; Francis Ndowa; Bahija Bellaji; Aziza Bennani; Amina Kettani; Reda Charof; Rajae El Aouad
Journal:  Sex Transm Infect       Date:  2013-09-13       Impact factor: 3.519

  2 in total

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