Transcription of cloned Xenopus 5S RNA genes by X. laevis RNA polymerase III in reconstituted systems.

When incubated with a soluble extract from large oocytes of Xenopus laevis, recombinant DNA plasmids containing either X. laevis oocyte 5S DNA or X. borealis oocyte 5S DNA direct the synthesis of discrete 5S RNAs, which by size and sequence analysis are similar or identical to the corresponding 5S RNAs synthesized in vivo. Synthesis of the 5S RNAs is mediated by a soluble endogenous RNA polymerase III (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6), which presumably recognizes specific initiation and termination sites in the 5S genes. Optimal conditions for accurate synthesis and the kinetics of the reactions have been determined. A soluble postchromatin supernatant fraction has also been isolated from immature oocytes. Although devoid of a functional endogenous RNA polymerase III, this extract contains a component(s) that effects the accurate transcription of 5S genes (in a plasmid) by a purified RNA polymerase III.