Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio1, Madhan Masilamani2, Wenjuan Gu3, Erica Brittain4, Robert Wood5, Jennifer Kim2, Kari Nadeau6, Kirsi M Jarvinen7, Alexander Grishin2, Robert Lindblad8, Hugh A Sampson9. 1. Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Food Allergy Research Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 3. Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, NCI Campus, Frederick, Md. 4. Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 6. Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. 8. EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Md. 9. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: hugh.sampson@mssm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In our recent clinical trial, the addition of omalizumab to oral immunotherapy (OIT) for milk allergy improved safety, but no significant clinical benefit was detected. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate mechanisms by which omalizumab modulates immunity in the context of OIT and to identify baseline biomarkers that predict subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from omalizumab. METHODS: Blood was obtained at baseline and multiple time points during a placebo-controlled trial of OIT for milk allergy in which subjects were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo. Immunologic outcomes included measurement of basophil CD63 expression and histamine release and casein-specific CD4+ regulatory T-cell proliferation. Biomarkers were analyzed in relationship to measurements of safety and efficacy. RESULTS: Milk-induced basophil CD63 expression was transiently reduced in whole blood samples from both omalizumab- and placebo-treated subjects. However, IgE-dependent histamine release increased in washed cell preparations from omalizumab- but not placebo-treated subjects. No increase in regulatory T-cell frequency was evident in either group. Subjects with lower rates of adverse reactions, regardless of arm, experienced better clinical outcomes. Pre-OIT basophil reactivity positively associated with occurrence of symptoms during OIT, whereas the baseline milk IgE/total IgE ratio correlated with the likelihood of achieving sustained unresponsiveness. A combination of baseline basophil and serologic biomarkers defined a subset of patients in which adjunctive therapy with omalizumab was associated with attainment of sustained unresponsiveness and a reduction in adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Combining omalizumab therapy with milk OIT led to distinct alterations in basophil reactivity but not T-cell responses. Baseline biomarkers can identify subjects most likely to benefit from adjunctive therapy with omalizumab.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: In our recent clinical trial, the addition of omalizumab to oral immunotherapy (OIT) for milk allergy improved safety, but no significant clinical benefit was detected. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate mechanisms by which omalizumab modulates immunity in the context of OIT and to identify baseline biomarkers that predict subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from omalizumab. METHODS: Blood was obtained at baseline and multiple time points during a placebo-controlled trial of OIT for milk allergy in which subjects were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo. Immunologic outcomes included measurement of basophil CD63 expression and histamine release and casein-specific CD4+ regulatory T-cell proliferation. Biomarkers were analyzed in relationship to measurements of safety and efficacy. RESULTS:Milk-induced basophil CD63 expression was transiently reduced in whole blood samples from both omalizumab- and placebo-treated subjects. However, IgE-dependent histamine release increased in washed cell preparations from omalizumab- but not placebo-treated subjects. No increase in regulatory T-cell frequency was evident in either group. Subjects with lower rates of adverse reactions, regardless of arm, experienced better clinical outcomes. Pre-OIT basophil reactivity positively associated with occurrence of symptoms during OIT, whereas the baseline milkIgE/total IgE ratio correlated with the likelihood of achieving sustained unresponsiveness. A combination of baseline basophil and serologic biomarkers defined a subset of patients in which adjunctive therapy with omalizumab was associated with attainment of sustained unresponsiveness and a reduction in adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Combining omalizumab therapy with milk OIT led to distinct alterations in basophil reactivity but not T-cell responses. Baseline biomarkers can identify subjects most likely to benefit from adjunctive therapy with omalizumab.
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