Janine Pöss1, Jelena Köster2, Georg Fuernau2, Ingo Eitel2, Suzanne de Waha2, Taoufik Ouarrak3, Johan Lassus4, Veli-Pekka Harjola5, Uwe Zeymer6, Holger Thiele2, Steffen Desch2. 1. Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II, Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address: janine.poess@uksh.de. 2. Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II, Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. 3. Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany. 4. Cardiology, University of Helsinki, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Emergency Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany; Medizinische Klinik B, Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) remains high. Early risk stratification is crucial to make adequate treatment decisions. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to develop an easy-to-use, readily available risk prediction score for short-term mortality in patients with CS, derived from the IABP-SHOCK II (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock) trial. METHODS: The score was developed using a stepwise multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS: Six variables emerged as independent predictors for 30-day mortality and were used as score parameters: age >73 years, prior stroke, glucose at admission >10.6 mmol/l (191 mg/dl), creatinine at admission >132.6 μmol/l (1.5 mg/dl), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <3 after percutaneous coronary intervention, and arterial blood lactate at admission >5 mmol/l. Either 1 or 2 points were attributed to each variable, leading to a score in 3 risk categories: low (0 to 2), intermediate (3 or 4), and high (5 to 9). The observed 30-day mortality rates were 23.8%, 49.2%, and 76.6%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Validation in the IABP-SHOCK II registry population showed good discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.79. External validation in the CardShock trial population (n = 137) showed short-term mortality rates of 28.0% (score 0 to 2), 42.9% (score 3 to 4), and 77.3% (score 5 to 9; p < 0.001) and an area under the curve of 0.73. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stepwise increase in mortality between the different score categories (0 to 2 vs. 3 to 4: p = 0.04; 0 to 2 vs. 5 to 9: p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The IABP-SHOCK II risk score can be easily calculated in daily clinical practice and strongly correlated with mortality in patients with infarct-related CS. It may help stratify patient risk for short-term mortality and might, thus, facilitate clinical decision making. (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II [IABP-SHOCK II]; NCT00491036).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) remains high. Early risk stratification is crucial to make adequate treatment decisions. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to develop an easy-to-use, readily available risk prediction score for short-term mortality in patients with CS, derived from the IABP-SHOCK II (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock) trial. METHODS: The score was developed using a stepwise multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS: Six variables emerged as independent predictors for 30-day mortality and were used as score parameters: age >73 years, prior stroke, glucose at admission >10.6 mmol/l (191 mg/dl), creatinine at admission >132.6 μmol/l (1.5 mg/dl), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <3 after percutaneous coronary intervention, and arterial blood lactate at admission >5 mmol/l. Either 1 or 2 points were attributed to each variable, leading to a score in 3 risk categories: low (0 to 2), intermediate (3 or 4), and high (5 to 9). The observed 30-day mortality rates were 23.8%, 49.2%, and 76.6%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Validation in the IABP-SHOCK II registry population showed good discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.79. External validation in the CardShock trial population (n = 137) showed short-term mortality rates of 28.0% (score 0 to 2), 42.9% (score 3 to 4), and 77.3% (score 5 to 9; p < 0.001) and an area under the curve of 0.73. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stepwise increase in mortality between the different score categories (0 to 2 vs. 3 to 4: p = 0.04; 0 to 2 vs. 5 to 9: p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The IABP-SHOCK II risk score can be easily calculated in daily clinical practice and strongly correlated with mortality in patients with infarct-related CS. It may help stratify patient risk for short-term mortality and might, thus, facilitate clinical decision making. (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II [IABP-SHOCK II]; NCT00491036).
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